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Reactions and analysis investigating the nucleobase impacts on abiotic RNA polymerization- [electronic resource]
Reactions and analysis investigating the nucleobase impacts on abiotic RNA polymerization ...
Reactions and analysis investigating the nucleobase impacts on abiotic RNA polymerization- [electronic resource]

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문(국외)
자관 청구기호  
기본표목-개인명  
표제와 책임표시사항  
Reactions and analysis investigating the nucleobase impacts on abiotic RNA polymerization - [electronic resource] / Coari, Kristin M.
발행, 배포, 간사 사항  
형태사항  
1 online resource(117 p)
일반주기  
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 77-07(E), Section: B.
일반주기  
Adviser: Linda B. McGown.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 2015.
요약 등 주기  
요약The origins of life are of particular interest to the scientific community and the field of astrobiology. Multitudes of hypotheses have been offered to tackle the question of how life first developed on Earth. Some have focused primarily on the origin of the chemical components leading to the first molecules of life, such as the creation of amino acids, sugars, and nucleobases and their more complex analogues such as nucleotides. Others have focused on the polymerization of these components to form peptides, polysaccharides, and polynucleotides. Still others have focused on the organization of multiple components to form proto-cells as precursors to life. The RNA World Hypothesis focuses on RNA polymers as the first functioning biomolecule of life; still, proponents of the hypothesis have yet to identify a route to accommodate the sequence constraints that we see in modern biology.
요약 등 주기  
요약Modern RNA uses four canonical nucleobases---adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil---transcribed from DNA and translated into proteins consisting of amino acid polymers. These nucleobases, however, were not likely to be the only ones present on a prebiotic Earth, even if they were available at all. This is best evidenced by the presence of other purine nucleobases in meteorites, as meteorite bombardment was a frequent event on Earth during or just before the origins of life. Additionally, some of the nucleobases, like guanine, are capable of self-assembly into large, aggregate structures known as G-tetrads and G-quadruplexes. These self-assembled aggregates could have functioned as a barrier to guanine's incorporation into RNA polymers, yet it is present as one of the canonical nucleobases. This paradox causes us to consider the mechanisms which may have influenced early nucleotide selection, particularly whether all available nucleotides would be equally likely to be incorporated into a growing RNA strand or if there would be selectivity toward some over others.
요약 등 주기  
요약To address this question, RNA polymerization reactions were performed utilizing an activated nucleotide (ImpX), a catalytic mineral surface, and unactivated nucleotides. The reaction products were analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to identify the lengths of polymer products as well as the nucleotide composition of the final polymer chains. These results show that unactivated nucleotides could be incorporated by abiotic RNA polymerization, and that this incorporation of an unactivated nucleotide included in these reactions was dependent upon the nucleobase of the ImpX. The results further show that there is selectivity toward incorporation of a terminating, unactivated nucleotide and in the composition of polymer products from reactions of mixtures of ImpX.
요약 등 주기  
요약It was found that some nucleotides polymerized to greater extents, and that the degree of heteropolymerization products was heavily dependent upon the type of ImpXs used. The presence of purine nucleotides led to much greater diversity in the polymerization products compared to pyrimidine nucleotides. In addition to the four nucleotides found in modern RNA, we also included inosine monophosphate, which is the nucleotide of the nucleobase hypoxanthine, in reactions of mixtures of activated nucleotides. It behaved similarly to other purines in terms of polymerization and its effect on the diversity of polymerization products. Finally, in an effort to more closely mimic prebiotic Earth conditions, an alternative activation method was used. Instead of using nucleotides that were pre-activated, nucleotides were activated on-the-fly during polymerization reactions. Multiple nucleotide species were activated in a single pot synthesis to investigate the possible effects of the nucleobase in the activation process as well as the final polymer products. More combinations of polymer products were detected for these reactions, and as was the case for pre-activated nucleotides, there was selectivity toward polymerization of some nucleotides over others.
주제명부출표목-일반주제명  
부출표목-단체명  
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstracts International. 77-07B(E).
기본자료저록  
Dissertation Abstract International
전자적 위치 및 접속  
 원문정보보기
소장사항  
20170404 2017

MARC

 008170601s2015        us          esm        001c    eng
■001MOKWON01251297
■00520170418113753
■007cr
■020    ▼a9781339467962
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI10010785
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■090    ▼a전자도서(박사논문)
■1001  ▼aCoari,  Kristin  M.
■24510▼aReactions  and  analysis  investigating  the  nucleobase  impacts  on  abiotic  RNA  polymerization▼h[electronic  resource]▼cCoari,  Kristin  M.
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bRensselaer  Polytechnic  Institute▼c2015
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(117  p)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertation  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  77-07(E),  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdviser:  Linda  B.  McGown.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Rensselaer  Polytechnic  Institute,  2015.
■520    ▼aThe  origins  of  life  are  of  particular  interest  to  the  scientific  community  and  the  field  of  astrobiology.  Multitudes  of  hypotheses  have  been  offered  to  tackle  the  question  of  how  life  first  developed  on  Earth.  Some  have  focused  primarily  on  the  origin  of  the  chemical  components  leading  to  the  first  molecules  of  life,  such  as  the  creation  of  amino  acids,  sugars,  and  nucleobases  and  their  more  complex  analogues  such  as  nucleotides.  Others  have  focused  on  the  polymerization  of  these  components  to  form  peptides,  polysaccharides,  and  polynucleotides.  Still  others  have  focused  on  the  organization  of  multiple  components  to  form  proto-cells  as  precursors  to  life.  The  RNA  World  Hypothesis  focuses  on  RNA  polymers  as  the  first  functioning  biomolecule  of  life;  still,  proponents  of  the  hypothesis  have  yet  to  identify  a  route  to  accommodate  the  sequence  constraints  that  we  see  in  modern  biology.
■520    ▼aModern  RNA  uses  four  canonical  nucleobases---adenine,  guanine,  cytosine,  and  uracil---transcribed  from  DNA  and  translated  into  proteins  consisting  of  amino  acid  polymers.  These  nucleobases,  however,  were  not  likely  to  be  the  only  ones  present  on  a  prebiotic  Earth,  even  if  they  were  available  at  all.  This  is  best  evidenced  by  the  presence  of  other  purine  nucleobases  in  meteorites,  as  meteorite  bombardment  was  a  frequent  event  on  Earth  during  or  just  before  the  origins  of  life.  Additionally,  some  of  the  nucleobases,  like  guanine,  are  capable  of  self-assembly  into  large,  aggregate  structures  known  as  G-tetrads  and  G-quadruplexes.  These  self-assembled  aggregates  could  have  functioned  as  a  barrier  to  guanine's  incorporation  into  RNA  polymers,  yet  it  is  present  as  one  of  the  canonical  nucleobases.  This  paradox  causes  us  to  consider  the  mechanisms  which  may  have  influenced  early  nucleotide  selection,  particularly  whether  all  available  nucleotides  would  be  equally  likely  to  be  incorporated  into  a  growing  RNA  strand  or  if  there  would  be  selectivity  toward  some  over  others.
■520    ▼aTo  address  this  question,  RNA  polymerization  reactions  were  performed  utilizing  an  activated  nucleotide  (ImpX),  a  catalytic  mineral  surface,  and  unactivated  nucleotides.  The  reaction  products  were  analyzed  using  matrix-assisted  laser  desorption/ionization  time-of-flight  mass  spectrometry  (MALDI-TOF  MS)  to  identify  the  lengths  of  polymer  products  as  well  as  the  nucleotide  composition  of  the  final  polymer  chains.  These  results  show  that  unactivated  nucleotides  could  be  incorporated  by  abiotic  RNA  polymerization,  and  that  this  incorporation  of  an  unactivated  nucleotide  included  in  these  reactions  was  dependent  upon  the  nucleobase  of  the  ImpX.  The  results  further  show  that  there  is  selectivity  toward  incorporation  of  a  terminating,  unactivated  nucleotide  and  in  the  composition  of  polymer  products  from  reactions  of  mixtures  of  ImpX.
■520    ▼aIt  was  found  that  some  nucleotides  polymerized  to  greater  extents,  and  that  the  degree  of  heteropolymerization  products  was  heavily  dependent  upon  the  type  of  ImpXs  used.  The  presence  of  purine  nucleotides  led  to  much  greater  diversity  in  the  polymerization  products  compared  to  pyrimidine  nucleotides.  In  addition  to  the  four  nucleotides  found  in  modern  RNA,  we  also  included  inosine  monophosphate,  which  is  the  nucleotide  of  the  nucleobase  hypoxanthine,  in  reactions  of  mixtures  of  activated  nucleotides.  It  behaved  similarly  to  other  purines  in  terms  of  polymerization  and  its  effect  on  the  diversity  of  polymerization  products.  Finally,  in  an  effort  to  more  closely  mimic  prebiotic  Earth  conditions,  an  alternative  activation  method  was  used.  Instead  of  using  nucleotides  that  were  pre-activated,  nucleotides  were  activated  on-the-fly  during  polymerization  reactions.  Multiple  nucleotide  species  were  activated  in  a  single  pot  synthesis  to  investigate  the  possible  effects  of  the  nucleobase  in  the  activation  process  as  well  as  the  final  polymer  products.  More  combinations  of  polymer  products  were  detected  for  these  reactions,  and  as  was  the  case  for  pre-activated  nucleotides,  there  was  selectivity  toward  polymerization  of  some  nucleotides  over  others.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0185.
■650  4▼aAnalytical  chemistry
■690    ▼a0486
■71020▼aRensselaer  Polytechnic  Institute▼bChemistry.
■7730  ▼tDissertation  Abstracts  International▼g77-07B(E).
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0185
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2015
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T14487153▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a20170404▼f2017

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