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Drugs that thwart antibiotic resistance- [electronic resource]
Drugs that thwart antibiotic resistance - [electronic resource] / Stone, Laura Kathryn.
Drugs that thwart antibiotic resistance- [electronic resource]

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문(국외)
자관 청구기호  
기본표목-개인명  
표제와 책임표시사항  
Drugs that thwart antibiotic resistance - [electronic resource] / Stone, Laura Kathryn.
발행, 배포, 간사 사항  
[Sl] : Harvard University , 2015
    형태사항  
    1 online resource(120 p)
    일반주기  
    Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 77-04(E), Section: B.
    일반주기  
    Adviser: Roy Kishony.
    학위논문주기  
    Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2015.
    요약 등 주기  
    요약Antibiotics are often credited with being one of the major forces behind the expansion of human life expectancy in the past 60 years. Yet at the root of this advancement lies its potential undoing: using antibiotics promotes the emergence and spread of resistant strains, reducing the efficacy of the drugs. Now, rising antibiotic resistance threatens to undo much of the progress of modern medicine. To halt the rise of resistance and preserve the activity of antibiotics, we must find ways to neutralize, modulate, or even invert the evolutionary advantage of resistant strains. Chapter 1 reviews three strategies to overcome antibiotic resistance through the sequential or concurrent use of multiple drugs: resistance mechanism inhibitors, synergistic, antagonistic, and suppressive drug interactions, and collateral sensitivity.
    요약 등 주기  
    요약Collateral sensitivity occurs when a bacterium acquires a mutation or gene that provides resistance to one drug, but makes them more susceptible to others. This new vulnerability can therefore be exploited to select against resistance mechanisms. Chapter 2 describes a screening strategy, based on direct competition between antibiotic resistant and susceptible strains, for identifying compounds that select against antibiotic resistance genes and cassettes. Using this approach we identified two compounds---beta-thujaplicin and disulfiram---that select against the TetA tetracycline resistance pump in E. coli. Furthermore, we demonstrate a two-phase treatment paradigm in which beta-thujaplicin drives a tetracycline resistant population back to susceptibility, allowing successful second-phase treatment with tetracycline.
    요약 등 주기  
    요약Chapter 3 examines the consequences of linking two antibiotics---ciprofloxacin and neomycin---into one hybrid compound. We compared the cross-resistance and genotypic profiles of strains evolved in the hybrid to those evolved in mixtures of its two components. We find that the hybrid inhibits bacterial growth through its ciprofloxacin moiety, but prevents resistance through its neomycin moiety by avoiding a common multiple antibiotic resistance pathway. As a result, strains evolved in the hybrid gain less resistance than those evolved in an unlinked mixture. This indicates that linking two drugs can surpass traditional unlinked combination therapy in its ability to prevent resistance.
    요약 등 주기  
    요약Finally, Chapter 4 discusses the implications of this work and possible directions for future research in treating antibiotic resistance.
    주제명부출표목-일반주제명  
    주제명부출표목-일반주제명  
    부출표목-단체명  
    Harvard University Chemical Biology
      기본자료저록  
      Dissertation Abstracts International. 77-04B(E).
      기본자료저록  
      Dissertation Abstract International
      전자적 위치 및 접속  
       원문정보보기
      소장사항  
      20170404 2017

      MARC

       008170601s2015        us          esm        001c    eng
      ■001MOKWON01255882
      ■00520170418121743
      ■007cr
      ■020    ▼a9781339296357
      ■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI3739097
      ■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
      ■090    ▼a전자도서(박사논문)
      ■1001  ▼aStone,  Laura  Kathryn.
      ■24510▼aDrugs  that  thwart  antibiotic  resistance▼h[electronic  resource]▼cStone,  Laura  Kathryn.
      ■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bHarvard  University▼c2015
      ■300    ▼a1  online  resource(120  p)
      ■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertation  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  77-04(E),  Section:  B.
      ■500    ▼aAdviser:  Roy  Kishony.
      ■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Harvard  University,  2015.
      ■520    ▼aAntibiotics  are  often  credited  with  being  one  of  the  major  forces  behind  the  expansion  of  human  life  expectancy  in  the  past  60  years.  Yet  at  the  root  of  this  advancement  lies  its  potential  undoing:  using  antibiotics  promotes  the  emergence  and  spread  of  resistant  strains,  reducing  the  efficacy  of  the  drugs.  Now,  rising  antibiotic  resistance  threatens  to  undo  much  of  the  progress  of  modern  medicine.  To  halt  the  rise  of  resistance  and  preserve  the  activity  of  antibiotics,  we  must  find  ways  to  neutralize,  modulate,  or  even  invert  the  evolutionary  advantage  of  resistant  strains.  Chapter  1  reviews  three  strategies  to  overcome  antibiotic  resistance  through  the  sequential  or  concurrent  use  of  multiple  drugs:  resistance  mechanism  inhibitors,  synergistic,  antagonistic,  and  suppressive  drug  interactions,  and  collateral  sensitivity.
      ■520    ▼aCollateral  sensitivity  occurs  when  a  bacterium  acquires  a  mutation  or  gene  that  provides  resistance  to  one  drug,  but  makes  them  more  susceptible  to  others.  This  new  vulnerability  can  therefore  be  exploited  to  select  against  resistance  mechanisms.  Chapter  2  describes  a  screening  strategy,  based  on  direct  competition  between  antibiotic  resistant  and  susceptible  strains,  for  identifying  compounds  that  select  against  antibiotic  resistance  genes  and  cassettes.  Using  this  approach  we  identified  two  compounds---beta-thujaplicin  and  disulfiram---that  select  against  the  TetA  tetracycline  resistance  pump  in  E.  coli.  Furthermore,  we  demonstrate  a  two-phase  treatment  paradigm  in  which  beta-thujaplicin  drives  a  tetracycline  resistant  population  back  to  susceptibility,  allowing  successful  second-phase  treatment  with  tetracycline.
      ■520    ▼aChapter  3  examines  the  consequences  of  linking  two  antibiotics---ciprofloxacin  and  neomycin---into  one  hybrid  compound.  We  compared  the  cross-resistance  and  genotypic  profiles  of  strains  evolved  in  the  hybrid  to  those  evolved  in  mixtures  of  its  two  components.  We  find  that  the  hybrid  inhibits  bacterial  growth  through  its  ciprofloxacin  moiety,  but  prevents  resistance  through  its  neomycin  moiety  by  avoiding  a  common  multiple  antibiotic  resistance  pathway.  As  a  result,  strains  evolved  in  the  hybrid  gain  less  resistance  than  those  evolved  in  an  unlinked  mixture.  This  indicates  that  linking  two  drugs  can  surpass  traditional  unlinked  combination  therapy  in  its  ability  to  prevent  resistance.
      ■520    ▼aFinally,  Chapter  4  discusses  the  implications  of  this  work  and  possible  directions  for  future  research  in  treating  antibiotic  resistance.
      ■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0084.
      ■650  4▼aMicrobiology
      ■650  4▼aPharmacology
      ■690    ▼a0410
      ■690    ▼a0419
      ■71020▼aHarvard  University▼bChemical  Biology.
      ■7730  ▼tDissertation  Abstracts  International▼g77-04B(E).
      ■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
      ■790    ▼a0084
      ■791    ▼aPh.D.
      ■792    ▼a2015
      ■793    ▼aEnglish
      ■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T14491683▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
      ■980    ▼a20170404▼f2017

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