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Energy-Efficient System Architectures for Intermittently-Powered IoT Devices- [electronic resource]
Energy-Efficient System Architectures for Intermittently-Powered IoT Devices - [electronic...
Energy-Efficient System Architectures for Intermittently-Powered IoT Devices- [electronic resource]

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자료유형  
 학위논문(국외)
자관 청구기호  
기본표목-개인명  
표제와 책임표시사항  
Energy-Efficient System Architectures for Intermittently-Powered IoT Devices - [electronic resource] / Jayakumar, Hrishikesh.
발행, 배포, 간사 사항  
[Sl] : Purdue University , 2016
    발행, 배포, 간사 사항  
    Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses , 2016
      형태사항  
      1 online resource(180 p)
      일반주기  
      Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-02(E), Section: B.
      일반주기  
      Adviser: Vijay Raghunathan.
      학위논문주기  
      Thesis (Ph.D.)--Purdue University, 2016.
      요약 등 주기  
      요약Various industry forecasts project that, by 2020, there will be around 50 billion devices connected to the Internet of Things (IoT), helping to engineer new solutions to societal-scale problems such as healthcare, energy conservation, transportation, etc. Most of these devices will be wireless due to the expense, inconvenience, or in some cases, the sheer infeasibility of wiring them. With no cord for power and limited space for a battery, powering these devices for operating in a set-and-forget mode ( i.e., achieve several months to possibly years of unattended operation) becomes a daunting challenge. Environmental energy harvesting (where the system powers itself using energy that it scavenges from its operating environment) has been shown to be a promising and viable option for powering these IoT devices. However, ambient energy sources (such as vibration, wind, RF signals) are often minuscule, unreliable, and intermittent in nature, which can lead to frequent intervals of power loss. Performing computations reliably in the face of such power supply interruptions is challenging.
      요약 등 주기  
      요약Intermittently-powered IoT devices are an emerging class of embedded devices that operate on energy harvested from intermittent sources. These devices execute long running programs incrementally (in small steps each power-ON period) and across multiple power-ON periods. A prerequisite for operating in this manner is the need for some form of checkpointing of system state from SRAM to non-volatile memory when power loss is imminent. Traditionally, microcontrollers have employed Flash memory as the primary non-volatile storage technology. However, the energy (and latency) intensive operations of Flash make it inefficient for frequent checkpointing, and consume a significant amount of energy that could otherwise be used for executing meaningful application-related computations and tasks.
      요약 등 주기  
      요약This dissertation proposes system architectures to improve the energy-efficiency of intermittently-powered IoT devices while ensuring the reliability and forward progress of applications executing on them. First, to reduce the checkpoint overhead, we explore a unified memory architecture using an emerging non-volatile memory. Recent advances in memory technology has resulted in the emergence of non-volatile memory that combine the benefits of SRAM with the non-volatility of Flash. Memories such as Ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM), Magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM), etc., have superior power-performance characteristics, as compared to Flash. In this dissertation, we propose an in-situ checkpointing scheme using a unified-FeRAM architecture to reduce the checkpointing overhead and demonstrate that it enables the efficient usage of gathered energy. Second, we present an energy-aware dynamic memory mapping scheme for hybrid FeRAM-SRAM MCUs in intermittently-powered IoT devices to exploit both the reliability benefits of FeRAM and the performance benefits of SRAM. Even though FeRAM is non-volatile, it is slower than SRAM and have a higher power consumption. However, SRAM is volatile making it unreliable for intermittently-powered IoT devices. Hence, in this dissertation, we propose an intermediate approach in hybrid FeRAM-SRAM MCUs to benefit from the non-volatility of FeRAM and the speed of SRAM. Last, we architect a new low power mode for deeply embedded MCUs by performing sleep mode voltage scaling to enable SRAM data retention at ultra-low power consumption. Most IoT devices operate in an intermittent manner wherein they become active for a short duration of time to perform the intended task and then enter a sleep mode. However, present day sleep modes of MCUs are energy-inefficient due to the requirement of retaining state. Hence, we propose a new low power sleep mode that retains the SRAM data at ultra-low power consumption and demonstrate the powering of the proposed mode via harvesting minuscule amounts of ambient energy.
      요약 등 주기  
      요약We believe that the contributions made in this dissertation take a significant step in realizing set-and-forget IoT devices and in furthering the field of intermittently-powered computing.
      주제명부출표목-일반주제명  
      주제명부출표목-일반주제명  
      부출표목-단체명  
      Purdue University Electrical and Computer Engineering
        기본자료저록  
        Dissertation Abstracts International. 79-02B(E).
        기본자료저록  
        Dissertation Abstract International
        전자적 위치 및 접속  
         원문정보보기
        소장사항  
        20180515 2018

        MARC

         008180601s2016        us          esm        001c    eng
        ■001MOKWON01256633
        ■00520180518092706
        ■007cr
        ■020    ▼a9780355253412
        ■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI10191623
        ■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)purdue:20531
        ■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
        ■090    ▼a전자도서(박사논문)
        ■1001  ▼aJayakumar,  Hrishikesh.
        ■24510▼aEnergy-Efficient  System  Architectures  for  Intermittently-Powered  IoT  Devices▼h[electronic  resource]▼cJayakumar,  Hrishikesh.
        ■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bPurdue  University▼c2016
        ■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2016
        ■300    ▼a1  online  resource(180  p)
        ■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertation  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  79-02(E),  Section:  B.
        ■500    ▼aAdviser:  Vijay  Raghunathan.
        ■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Purdue  University,  2016.
        ■520    ▼aVarious  industry  forecasts  project  that,  by  2020,  there  will  be  around  50  billion  devices  connected  to  the  Internet  of  Things  (IoT),  helping  to  engineer  new  solutions  to  societal-scale  problems  such  as  healthcare,  energy  conservation,  transportation,  etc.  Most  of  these  devices  will  be  wireless  due  to  the  expense,  inconvenience,  or  in  some  cases,  the  sheer  infeasibility  of  wiring  them.  With  no  cord  for  power  and  limited  space  for  a  battery,  powering  these  devices  for  operating  in  a  set-and-forget  mode  (  i.e.,  achieve  several  months  to  possibly  years  of  unattended  operation)  becomes  a  daunting  challenge.  Environmental  energy  harvesting  (where  the  system  powers  itself  using  energy  that  it  scavenges  from  its  operating  environment)  has  been  shown  to  be  a  promising  and  viable  option  for  powering  these  IoT  devices.  However,  ambient  energy  sources  (such  as  vibration,  wind,  RF  signals)  are  often  minuscule,  unreliable,  and  intermittent  in  nature,  which  can  lead  to  frequent  intervals  of  power  loss.  Performing  computations  reliably  in  the  face  of  such  power  supply  interruptions  is  challenging.
        ■520    ▼aIntermittently-powered  IoT  devices  are  an  emerging  class  of  embedded  devices  that  operate  on  energy  harvested  from  intermittent  sources.  These  devices  execute  long  running  programs  incrementally  (in  small  steps  each  power-ON  period)  and  across  multiple  power-ON  periods.  A  prerequisite  for  operating  in  this  manner  is  the  need  for  some  form  of  checkpointing  of  system  state  from  SRAM  to  non-volatile  memory  when  power  loss  is  imminent.  Traditionally,  microcontrollers  have  employed  Flash  memory  as  the  primary  non-volatile  storage  technology.  However,  the  energy  (and  latency)  intensive  operations  of  Flash  make  it  inefficient  for  frequent  checkpointing,  and  consume  a  significant  amount  of  energy  that  could  otherwise  be  used  for  executing  meaningful  application-related  computations  and  tasks.
        ■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  proposes  system  architectures  to  improve  the  energy-efficiency  of  intermittently-powered  IoT  devices  while  ensuring  the  reliability  and  forward  progress  of  applications  executing  on  them.  First,  to  reduce  the  checkpoint  overhead,  we  explore  a  unified  memory  architecture  using  an  emerging  non-volatile  memory.  Recent  advances  in  memory  technology  has  resulted  in  the  emergence  of  non-volatile  memory  that  combine  the  benefits  of  SRAM  with  the  non-volatility  of  Flash.  Memories  such  as  Ferroelectric  RAM  (FeRAM),  Magnetoresistive  RAM  (MRAM),  etc.,  have  superior  power-performance  characteristics,  as  compared  to  Flash.  In  this  dissertation,  we  propose  an  in-situ    checkpointing  scheme  using  a  unified-FeRAM  architecture  to  reduce  the  checkpointing  overhead  and  demonstrate  that  it  enables  the  efficient  usage  of  gathered  energy.  Second,  we  present  an  energy-aware  dynamic  memory  mapping  scheme  for  hybrid  FeRAM-SRAM  MCUs  in  intermittently-powered  IoT  devices  to  exploit  both  the  reliability  benefits  of  FeRAM  and  the  performance  benefits  of  SRAM.  Even  though  FeRAM  is  non-volatile,  it  is  slower  than  SRAM  and  have  a  higher  power  consumption.  However,  SRAM  is  volatile  making  it  unreliable  for  intermittently-powered  IoT  devices.  Hence,  in  this  dissertation,  we  propose  an  intermediate  approach  in  hybrid  FeRAM-SRAM  MCUs  to  benefit  from  the  non-volatility  of  FeRAM  and  the  speed  of  SRAM.  Last,  we  architect  a  new  low  power  mode  for  deeply  embedded  MCUs  by  performing  sleep  mode  voltage  scaling  to  enable  SRAM  data  retention  at  ultra-low  power  consumption.  Most  IoT  devices  operate  in  an  intermittent  manner  wherein  they  become  active  for  a  short  duration  of  time  to  perform  the  intended  task  and  then  enter  a  sleep  mode.  However,  present  day  sleep  modes  of  MCUs  are  energy-inefficient  due  to  the  requirement  of  retaining  state.  Hence,  we  propose  a  new  low  power  sleep  mode  that  retains  the  SRAM  data  at  ultra-low  power  consumption  and  demonstrate  the  powering  of  the  proposed  mode  via  harvesting  minuscule  amounts  of  ambient  energy.
        ■520    ▼aWe  believe  that  the  contributions  made  in  this  dissertation  take  a  significant  step  in  realizing  set-and-forget  IoT  devices  and  in  furthering  the  field  of  intermittently-powered  computing.
        ■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0183.
        ■650  4▼aComputer  engineering
        ■650  4▼aElectrical  engineering
        ■690    ▼a0464
        ■690    ▼a0544
        ■71020▼aPurdue  University▼bElectrical  and  Computer  Engineering.
        ■7730  ▼tDissertation  Abstracts  International▼g79-02B(E).
        ■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
        ■790    ▼a0183
        ■791    ▼aPh.D.
        ■792    ▼a2016
        ■793    ▼aEnglish
        ■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T14820267▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
        ■980    ▼a20180515▼f2018

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