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Fiber Evaluation for Prebiotic Effects and Fermentation Kinetics: Sustainable Sources and Commercial Products- [electronic resource]
Fiber Evaluation for Prebiotic Effects and Fermentation Kinetics: Sustainable Sources and ...
Fiber Evaluation for Prebiotic Effects and Fermentation Kinetics: Sustainable Sources and Commercial Products- [electronic resource]

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문(국외)
자관 청구기호  
기본표목-개인명  
표제와 책임표시사항  
Fiber Evaluation for Prebiotic Effects and Fermentation Kinetics: Sustainable Sources and Commercial Products - [electronic resource] / Carlson, Justin Lee.
발행, 배포, 간사 사항  
[Sl] : University of Minnesota , 2017
    발행, 배포, 간사 사항  
    Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses , 2017
      형태사항  
      1 online resource(208 p)
      일반주기  
      Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-12(E), Section: B.
      일반주기  
      Adviser: Joanne L. Slavin.
      학위논문주기  
      Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Minnesota, 2017.
      요약 등 주기  
      요약Dietary fibers are a broad subset of non-digestible carbohydrates that have many health benefits to consumers. When consumed in adequate amounts they can protect against cardiovascular disease, decrease the risk of diabetes, aid in weight loss and numerous other health benefits. One unique attribute that dietary fibers have is that when they reach the distal intestine or colon, some of these fibers can be fermented by the hundreds of species of bacteria present. When these fibers provide growth to the beneficial bacteria present in the gastrointestinal tract, they are referred to as prebiotics, or prebiotic dietary fibers. As the understanding of the gut micobiota and the gut microbiome expand, the importance of stimulating the beneficial microbiota present in the gut becomes increasingly more important. Because the human diet is so complex, understanding the fermentation process of individual compounds can be a difficult task.
      요약 등 주기  
      요약The use of in vitro fermentation models is one way to understand the fermentation of dietary fibers, and whether or not they support the growth of beneficial taxa, and very closely mimics the function of the colon in that regard. Incubating fecal bacteria from human donors, exposing them to specific dietary fibers, and measuring their fermentation differences provides a snapshot of how these compounds may ferment in vivo. The primary objective of this research was to conduct a preliminary in vitro analysis of two emerging dietary fibers (wheat dextrin and partially hydrolyzed guar gum) to test their prebiotic capacity (Chapter 2), and to compare new dietary fibers (Oatwell, xylooligosaccharides, beta-glucans) to an established prebiotic dietary fiber (inulin) to measure key fermentation differences in vitro (Chapter 5). The secondary objective of this research was to compare fermentation differences between donors exposed to these same compounds by measuring differences in the production of short chain fatty acids (Chapter 3), and the microbiota that were stimulated (Chapter 4). The final objective of this research was to determine if conventionally or organically grown plants in Minnesota provided a significant amount of dietary fiber, if it was fermentable, and whether or not the growing differences in these plants affected key nutrients and compounds, including: vitamin C, potassium, iron, sodium, calcium and nitrate-nitrogen.
      요약 등 주기  
      요약Both wheat dextrin and partially hydrolyzed guar gum stimulated growth of two beneficial genera of bacteria, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, indicating that both fibers are bifidogenic and lactogenic within 24 h of fermentation (Chapter 2). At 12 h wheat dextrin was significantly more bifidogenic (9.50 CFU log10/mL) than partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) (9.30 CFU log10/mL) (p=0.052), and also at 24 h wheat dextrin (9.41 CFU log10/mL) compared with PHGG (9.27 CFU log10/mL) (p=0.043). Wheat dextrin produced less total short chain fatty acids at both 12 h and 24 h than partially hydrolyzed guar gum, and produced significantly lower amounts of gas at 12 h and 24 h (p0.001, p0.001), a key marker for gastrointestinal tolerance.
      요약 등 주기  
      요약Changes in short chain fatty acid concentration (SCFA) due to the fermentation of dietary fibers in the colon has been widely studied, but there are limited studies analyzing the differences in this production across multiple individuals (ages 23-68) exposed to the same dietary fiber (Chapter 3). The objective of this project was to look at fermentation differences from six fecal donors all exposed to partially hydrolyzed guar gum in an in vitro model. With the six donors analyzed in this study, gas production varied from 59-80 mL/0.5g fiber at 12 h and 85-93 mL/0.5g fiber at 24 h between the six donors. At 12 h butyrate concentrations varied from 6.99 micromol/mL to 23.84 micromol/mL and from 8.78 micromol/mL to 22.84micromol/mL at 24 h. Total SCFA concentration at 24 h ranged from 42.85 micromol/mL to 91.17 micromol/mL. With over a 2-fold difference in SCFA production, significant differences were found between healthy individuals exposed to partially hydrolyzed guar gum in vitro..
      요약 등 주기  
      요약Following this analysis, 16s rRNA sequencing was used to identify the fecal microbiota responsible for the fermentation of partially hydrolyzed guar gum (Chapter 4) comparing samples at baseline, 12 h and 24 h post-exposure. Parabacteroides increased from 3.48% of sequence reads to 10.62% of sequence reads after 24 h (p = 0.0181) and Bacteroidetes increased from 45.89% of sequence reads to 50.29% of sequence reads (p = 0.0008). Partially hydrolyzed guar gum stimulates growth of Parabacteroides, a genus of bacteria that have been inversely associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and ulcerative colitis. PHGG provides stimulation of beneficial Bacteroidetes (Bacteroides and Parabacteroides), which may be correlated with many positive health markers and outcomes in vivo..
      요약 등 주기  
      요약Five other dietary fibers were analyzed to test their prebiotic capacity and fermentation differences, including: Oatwell, inulin, beta-glucan, xylooligosaccharide and a dried chicory root blend. Oatwell had the highest production of propionate at 12 h (4.76 micromol/mL) compared to inulin, dried chicory root blend and xylooligosaccharide samples (p0.03). Its effect was similar to those of the beta-glucan samples. Oatwell and beta-glucan samples promoted the highest mean propionate production at 24 h. Xylooligosaccharide resulted in a significant increase in the genus Bifidobacterium after 24 h of fermentation (0 h: 0.67 OTUs; 24 h: 5.22 OTUs; p = 0.038). Inulin and the dried chicory root blend increased the beneficial genus Collinsella, consistent with findings in clinical studies. All prebiotic dietary fibers studied promoted the formation of beneficial markers due to the fermentation of each specific compound. All compounds provided different, significant fermentation patterns, and all provided beneficial effects that would promote host health in vivo..
      요약 등 주기  
      요약Produce can provide a substantial amount of dietary fiber in the consumer diet, along with many other nutrients. Arugula (Eruca sativa), mizuna (Brassica rapa var. nipponsinca), red giant mustard (Brassica juncea) and spinach ( Spinacia oleracea 'Tyee') are fresh produce crops high in nutritive value and provide shortfall and high interest nutrients addressed in the 2015 U.S. Dietary Guidelines. The primary objective of this project was to evaluate fertility treatments unique to these crops that optimize their nutritional capacity. Plants were grown using five different fertility treatments, including four organic treatments and one conventional control. The plant treatment combinations were replicated three times and the entire experiment was duplicated. Fertility treatments had a high impact on vitamin C (with over a 3-fold difference in treatments in the first experiment), nitrate (over 10-fold difference among fertility treatments in some species) and potassium concentrations (over 5-fold difference among fertility treatments in some species) in analyzed plant tissue. No consistent differences were found for fiber, calcium, iron and sodium concentrations in tissue analyzed. This is the first study to analyze the impact that different production treatments can have on multiple deficient nutrients and compounds addressed by the U.S. Dietary Guidelines for high-impact, highly-consumed produce crops.
      요약 등 주기  
      요약Based on in vitro assays, partially hydrolyzed guar gum, wheat dextrin, and xylooligosaccharides stimulate the growth of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria, the two most beneficial genera of bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. All dietary fibers analyzed resulted in significant amounts of short chain fatty acids being produced from their fermentation, which was found in all three in vitro studies. Although they are all fermentable by fecal bacteria, within healthy donors there can be over a 2-fold total difference in acetate, propionate and butyrate production within 24 h of fermentation for these dietary fibers. For consumers who prefer to consume dietary fiber in whole foods instead of supplements or fortified products, red giant mustard and mizuna both offer between 2-4g fiber/serving, which is a "good source of dietary fiber" for the consumer. This includes both organic and conventionally grown red giant mustard and mizuna. Like any other dietary component, moderation and variety is still the most important factor to consider. Different dietary fibers all support different functions and roles in the body, and may all be fermented differently depending on the consumer. Whole foods, fortified foods and supplements may all play a critical role in developing a healthy gut microbiome, and may all be needed for consumers to meet their recommended daily intake.
      주제명부출표목-일반주제명  
      부출표목-단체명  
      기본자료저록  
      Dissertation Abstracts International. 78-12B(E).
      기본자료저록  
      Dissertation Abstract International
      전자적 위치 및 접속  
       원문정보보기
      소장사항  
      20180515 2018

      MARC

       008180601s2017        us          esm        001c    eng
      ■001MOKWON01259023
      ■00520180518093752
      ■007cr
      ■020    ▼a9780355081961
      ■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI10269083
      ■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)umn:18002
      ■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
      ■090    ▼a전자도서(박사논문)
      ■1001  ▼aCarlson,  Justin  Lee.
      ■24510▼aFiber  Evaluation  for  Prebiotic  Effects  and  Fermentation  Kinetics:  Sustainable  Sources  and  Commercial  Products▼h[electronic  resource]▼cCarlson,  Justin  Lee.
      ■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Minnesota▼c2017
      ■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2017
      ■300    ▼a1  online  resource(208  p)
      ■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertation  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  78-12(E),  Section:  B.
      ■500    ▼aAdviser:  Joanne  L.  Slavin.
      ■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Minnesota,  2017.
      ■520    ▼aDietary  fibers  are  a  broad  subset  of  non-digestible  carbohydrates  that  have  many  health  benefits  to  consumers.  When  consumed  in  adequate  amounts  they  can  protect  against  cardiovascular  disease,  decrease  the  risk  of  diabetes,  aid  in  weight  loss  and  numerous  other  health  benefits.  One  unique  attribute  that  dietary  fibers  have  is  that  when  they  reach  the  distal  intestine  or  colon,  some  of  these  fibers  can  be  fermented  by  the  hundreds  of  species  of  bacteria  present.  When  these  fibers  provide  growth  to  the  beneficial  bacteria  present  in  the  gastrointestinal  tract,  they  are  referred  to  as  prebiotics,  or  prebiotic  dietary  fibers.  As  the  understanding  of  the  gut  micobiota  and  the  gut  microbiome  expand,  the  importance  of  stimulating  the  beneficial  microbiota  present  in  the  gut  becomes  increasingly  more  important.  Because  the  human  diet  is  so  complex,  understanding  the  fermentation  process  of  individual  compounds  can  be  a  difficult  task.
      ■520    ▼aThe  use  of  in  vitro  fermentation  models  is  one  way  to  understand  the  fermentation  of  dietary  fibers,  and  whether  or  not  they  support  the  growth  of  beneficial  taxa,  and  very  closely  mimics  the  function  of  the  colon  in  that  regard.  Incubating  fecal  bacteria  from  human  donors,  exposing  them  to  specific  dietary  fibers,  and  measuring  their  fermentation  differences  provides  a  snapshot  of  how  these  compounds  may  ferment  in  vivo.  The  primary  objective  of  this  research  was  to  conduct  a  preliminary    in  vitro  analysis  of  two  emerging  dietary  fibers  (wheat  dextrin  and  partially  hydrolyzed  guar  gum)  to  test  their  prebiotic  capacity  (Chapter  2),  and  to  compare  new  dietary  fibers  (Oatwell,  xylooligosaccharides,  beta-glucans)  to  an  established  prebiotic  dietary  fiber  (inulin)  to  measure  key  fermentation  differences  in  vitro  (Chapter  5).  The  secondary  objective  of  this  research  was  to  compare  fermentation  differences  between  donors  exposed  to  these  same  compounds  by  measuring  differences  in  the  production  of  short  chain  fatty  acids  (Chapter  3),  and  the  microbiota  that  were  stimulated  (Chapter  4).  The  final  objective  of  this  research  was  to  determine  if  conventionally  or  organically  grown  plants  in  Minnesota  provided  a  significant  amount  of  dietary  fiber,  if  it  was  fermentable,  and  whether  or  not  the  growing  differences  in  these  plants  affected  key  nutrients  and  compounds,  including:  vitamin  C,  potassium,  iron,  sodium,  calcium  and  nitrate-nitrogen.
      ■520    ▼aBoth  wheat  dextrin  and  partially  hydrolyzed  guar  gum  stimulated  growth  of  two  beneficial  genera  of  bacteria,  Lactobacillus  and    Bifidobacterium,  indicating  that  both  fibers  are  bifidogenic  and  lactogenic  within  24  h  of  fermentation  (Chapter  2).  At  12  h  wheat  dextrin  was  significantly  more  bifidogenic  (9.50  CFU  log10/mL)  than  partially  hydrolyzed  guar  gum  (PHGG)  (9.30  CFU  log10/mL)  (p=0.052),  and  also  at  24  h  wheat  dextrin  (9.41  CFU  log10/mL)  compared  with  PHGG  (9.27  CFU  log10/mL)  (p=0.043).  Wheat  dextrin  produced  less  total  short  chain  fatty  acids  at  both  12  h  and  24  h  than  partially  hydrolyzed  guar  gum,  and  produced  significantly  lower  amounts  of  gas  at  12  h  and  24  h  (p0.001,  p0.001),  a  key  marker  for  gastrointestinal  tolerance.
      ■520    ▼aChanges  in  short  chain  fatty  acid  concentration  (SCFA)  due  to  the  fermentation  of  dietary  fibers  in  the  colon  has  been  widely  studied,  but  there  are  limited  studies  analyzing  the  differences  in  this  production  across  multiple  individuals  (ages  23-68)  exposed  to  the  same  dietary  fiber  (Chapter  3).  The  objective  of  this  project  was  to  look  at  fermentation  differences  from  six  fecal  donors  all  exposed  to  partially  hydrolyzed  guar  gum  in  an  in  vitro  model.  With  the  six  donors  analyzed  in  this  study,  gas  production  varied  from  59-80  mL/0.5g  fiber  at  12  h  and  85-93  mL/0.5g  fiber  at  24  h  between  the  six  donors.  At  12  h  butyrate  concentrations  varied  from  6.99  micromol/mL  to  23.84  micromol/mL  and  from  8.78  micromol/mL  to  22.84micromol/mL  at  24  h.  Total  SCFA  concentration  at  24  h  ranged  from  42.85  micromol/mL  to  91.17  micromol/mL.  With  over  a  2-fold  difference  in  SCFA  production,  significant  differences  were  found  between  healthy  individuals  exposed  to  partially  hydrolyzed  guar  gum  in  vitro..
      ■520    ▼aFollowing  this  analysis,  16s  rRNA  sequencing  was  used  to  identify  the  fecal  microbiota  responsible  for  the  fermentation  of  partially  hydrolyzed  guar  gum  (Chapter  4)  comparing  samples  at  baseline,  12  h  and  24  h  post-exposure.    Parabacteroides  increased  from  3.48%  of  sequence  reads  to  10.62%  of  sequence  reads  after  24  h  (p  =  0.0181)  and  Bacteroidetes  increased  from  45.89%  of  sequence  reads  to  50.29%  of  sequence  reads  (p  =  0.0008).  Partially  hydrolyzed  guar  gum  stimulates  growth  of  Parabacteroides,  a  genus  of  bacteria  that  have  been  inversely  associated  with  irritable  bowel  syndrome  (IBS)  and  ulcerative  colitis.  PHGG  provides  stimulation  of  beneficial  Bacteroidetes  (Bacteroides    and  Parabacteroides),  which  may  be  correlated  with  many  positive  health  markers  and  outcomes  in  vivo..
      ■520    ▼aFive  other  dietary  fibers  were  analyzed  to  test  their  prebiotic  capacity  and  fermentation  differences,  including:  Oatwell,  inulin,  beta-glucan,  xylooligosaccharide  and  a  dried  chicory  root  blend.  Oatwell  had  the  highest  production  of  propionate  at  12  h  (4.76  micromol/mL)  compared  to  inulin,  dried  chicory  root  blend  and  xylooligosaccharide  samples  (p0.03).  Its  effect  was  similar  to  those  of  the  beta-glucan  samples.  Oatwell  and  beta-glucan  samples  promoted  the  highest  mean  propionate  production  at  24  h.  Xylooligosaccharide  resulted  in  a  significant  increase  in  the  genus  Bifidobacterium  after  24  h  of  fermentation  (0  h:  0.67  OTUs;  24  h:  5.22  OTUs;  p  =  0.038).  Inulin  and  the  dried  chicory  root  blend  increased  the  beneficial  genus  Collinsella,  consistent  with  findings  in  clinical  studies.  All  prebiotic  dietary  fibers  studied  promoted  the  formation  of  beneficial  markers  due  to  the  fermentation  of  each  specific  compound.  All  compounds  provided  different,  significant  fermentation  patterns,  and  all  provided  beneficial  effects  that  would  promote  host  health  in  vivo..
      ■520    ▼aProduce  can  provide  a  substantial  amount  of  dietary  fiber  in  the  consumer  diet,  along  with  many  other  nutrients.  Arugula  (Eruca  sativa),  mizuna  (Brassica  rapa  var.  nipponsinca),  red  giant  mustard  (Brassica  juncea)  and  spinach  (  Spinacia  oleracea  'Tyee')  are  fresh  produce  crops  high  in  nutritive  value  and  provide  shortfall  and  high  interest  nutrients  addressed  in  the  2015  U.S.  Dietary  Guidelines.  The  primary  objective  of  this  project  was  to  evaluate  fertility  treatments  unique  to  these  crops  that  optimize  their  nutritional  capacity.  Plants  were  grown  using  five  different  fertility  treatments,  including  four  organic  treatments  and  one  conventional  control.  The  plant  treatment  combinations  were  replicated  three  times  and  the  entire  experiment  was  duplicated.  Fertility  treatments  had  a  high  impact  on  vitamin  C  (with  over  a  3-fold  difference  in  treatments  in  the  first  experiment),  nitrate  (over  10-fold  difference  among  fertility  treatments  in  some  species)  and  potassium  concentrations  (over  5-fold  difference  among  fertility  treatments  in  some  species)  in  analyzed  plant  tissue.  No  consistent  differences  were  found  for  fiber,  calcium,  iron  and  sodium  concentrations  in  tissue  analyzed.  This  is  the  first  study  to  analyze  the  impact  that  different  production  treatments  can  have  on  multiple  deficient  nutrients  and  compounds  addressed  by  the  U.S.  Dietary  Guidelines  for  high-impact,  highly-consumed  produce  crops.
      ■520    ▼aBased  on  in  vitro  assays,  partially  hydrolyzed  guar  gum,  wheat  dextrin,  and  xylooligosaccharides  stimulate  the  growth  of    Lactobacilli  and  Bifidobacteria,  the  two  most  beneficial  genera  of  bacteria  in  the  gastrointestinal  tract.  All  dietary  fibers  analyzed  resulted  in  significant  amounts  of  short  chain  fatty  acids  being  produced  from  their  fermentation,  which  was  found  in  all  three  in  vitro  studies.  Although  they  are  all  fermentable  by  fecal  bacteria,  within  healthy  donors  there  can  be  over  a  2-fold  total  difference  in  acetate,  propionate  and  butyrate  production  within  24  h  of  fermentation  for  these  dietary  fibers.  For  consumers  who  prefer  to  consume  dietary  fiber  in  whole  foods  instead  of  supplements  or  fortified  products,  red  giant  mustard  and  mizuna  both  offer  between  2-4g  fiber/serving,  which  is  a  "good  source  of  dietary  fiber"  for  the  consumer.  This  includes  both  organic  and  conventionally  grown  red  giant  mustard  and  mizuna.  Like  any  other  dietary  component,  moderation  and  variety  is  still  the  most  important  factor  to  consider.  Different  dietary  fibers  all  support  different  functions  and  roles  in  the  body,  and  may  all  be  fermented  differently  depending  on  the  consumer.  Whole  foods,  fortified  foods  and  supplements  may  all  play  a  critical  role  in  developing  a  healthy  gut  microbiome,  and  may  all  be  needed  for  consumers  to  meet  their  recommended  daily  intake.
      ■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0130.
      ■650  4▼aFood  science
      ■690    ▼a0359
      ■71020▼aUniversity  of  Minnesota▼bFood  Science.
      ■7730  ▼tDissertation  Abstracts  International▼g78-12B(E).
      ■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
      ■790    ▼a0130
      ■791    ▼aPh.D.
      ■792    ▼a2017
      ■793    ▼aEnglish
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