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Regulation of Meiotic Spindle Positioning and Actomyosin Cytoskeleton Activity During Polar Body Formation in the Caenorhabditis elegans Meiotic Embryo- [electronic resource]
Regulation of Meiotic Spindle Positioning and Actomyosin Cytoskeleton Activity During Polar Body Formation in the Caenorhabditis elegans Meiotic Embryo- [electronic resource]
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문(국외)
- 자관 청구기호
- 기본표목-개인명
- 표제와 책임표시사항
- Regulation of Meiotic Spindle Positioning and Actomyosin Cytoskeleton Activity During Polar Body Formation in the Caenorhabditis elegans Meiotic Embryo - [electronic resource] / Flynn, Jonathan Robert.
- 발행, 배포, 간사 사항
- 발행, 배포, 간사 사항
- 형태사항
- 1 online resource(147 p)
- 일반주기
- Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-01(E), Section: B.
- 일반주기
- Adviser: Francis J. McNally.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2017.
- 요약 등 주기
- 요약Meiosis is a process that produces haploid gametes from diploid progenitor cells and is required for sexual reproduction in eukaryotes. Meiosis is accomplished through one round of DNA replication followed by two sequential rounds of chromosome segregation. Male meiosis produces four equivalent sized products. In contrast, female meiosis produces one large product, the egg, and between zero and two small products called polar bodies which will be degraded. In order to keep polar body size to a minimum during female meiosis, the embryo must coordinate chromosome segregation with cytokinesis. The spindle is a microtubule based structure that mediates chromosome segregation. The spindle must be positioned in close proximity to the cortex so that chromosome segregation occurs near the edge of the large oocyte. Additionally, the spindle must orient its long axis perpendicular to the cell cortex, which will allow chromosome segregation to occur perpendicular to the cortex. During chromosome segregation one set of chromosomes will be pushed towards the cortex while the other is pushed into the embryo. The contractile ring is an actomyosin based structure that mediates cytokinesis. The contractile ring must form near the spindle, ingress down the spindle during chromosome segregation, and close at the spindle midpoint to encapsulate a single set of chromosomes. I used the model organism C. elegans to explore the mechanisms of spindle positioning and contractile ring function during female meiosis. During my early work I focused on a spindle positioning event called spindle rotation, which is required to orient its long axis perpendicular to the cell cortex. In collaboration with several McNally lab members, rotation students, and the Leary lab we concluded that spindle rotation occurs through a cortical pulling model. Furthermore, cell cycle specific post-translational modification of the dynein regulator, dynactin, was necessary for spindle rotation. The main focus of my dissertation research was aimed at understanding how regulation of the actomyosin network contributed to the formation of small polar bodies. During polar body formation in C. elegans the actomyosin contractile ring ingresses to the spindle midpoint and completes cytokinesis around a single set of segregating chromosomes. I have identified a protein, casein kinase 1 gamma, or csnk-1 in C. elegans, required for keeping polar bodies small during meiosis. Knocking down this protein causes the contractile ring to ingress past the spindle midpoint and occasionally past both sets of segregating chromosomes and encapsulate the entire meiotic spindle in a giant polar body. Upon further examination csnk-1 knockdown causes the formation of deep, ectopic membrane invaginations during polar body formation which correlates with excess myosin on the cortex. Furthermore, csnk-1 knockdown stabilizes dynamic cortical myosin patches present during meiosis. In order to narrow down the mechanism in which CSNK-1 was regulating the actomyosin network, I knocked down candidate proteins in the RhoA pathway, which is known to regulate the actomyosin network. I found that knocking down the redundant RhoGAP's, rga-3/4, displayed several of the same prominent csnk-1 knockdown phenotypes. Together, this data suggests a model where CSNK-1 activates RGA-3/4 through phosphorylation, which negatively regulates the actomyosin network during polar body formation to ensure cytokinesis occurs at the spindle midpoint.
- 주제명부출표목-일반주제명
- 주제명부출표목-일반주제명
- 주제명부출표목-일반주제명
- 부출표목-단체명
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertation Abstracts International. 79-01B(E).
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertation Abstract International
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 원문정보보기
- 소장사항
-
20180515 2018
MARC
008180601s2017 us esm 001c eng■001MOKWON01259295
■00520180518093624
■007cr
■020 ▼a9780355149319
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI10262600
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)ucdavis:16889
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■090 ▼a전자도서(박사논문)
■1001 ▼aFlynn, Jonathan Robert.
■24510▼aRegulation of Meiotic Spindle Positioning and Actomyosin Cytoskeleton Activity During Polar Body Formation in the Caenorhabditis elegans Meiotic Embryo▼h[electronic resource]▼cFlynn, Jonathan Robert.
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity of California, Davis▼c2017
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2017
■300 ▼a1 online resource(147 p)
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-01(E), Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdviser: Francis J. McNally.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2017.
■520 ▼aMeiosis is a process that produces haploid gametes from diploid progenitor cells and is required for sexual reproduction in eukaryotes. Meiosis is accomplished through one round of DNA replication followed by two sequential rounds of chromosome segregation. Male meiosis produces four equivalent sized products. In contrast, female meiosis produces one large product, the egg, and between zero and two small products called polar bodies which will be degraded. In order to keep polar body size to a minimum during female meiosis, the embryo must coordinate chromosome segregation with cytokinesis. The spindle is a microtubule based structure that mediates chromosome segregation. The spindle must be positioned in close proximity to the cortex so that chromosome segregation occurs near the edge of the large oocyte. Additionally, the spindle must orient its long axis perpendicular to the cell cortex, which will allow chromosome segregation to occur perpendicular to the cortex. During chromosome segregation one set of chromosomes will be pushed towards the cortex while the other is pushed into the embryo. The contractile ring is an actomyosin based structure that mediates cytokinesis. The contractile ring must form near the spindle, ingress down the spindle during chromosome segregation, and close at the spindle midpoint to encapsulate a single set of chromosomes. I used the model organism C. elegans to explore the mechanisms of spindle positioning and contractile ring function during female meiosis. During my early work I focused on a spindle positioning event called spindle rotation, which is required to orient its long axis perpendicular to the cell cortex. In collaboration with several McNally lab members, rotation students, and the Leary lab we concluded that spindle rotation occurs through a cortical pulling model. Furthermore, cell cycle specific post-translational modification of the dynein regulator, dynactin, was necessary for spindle rotation. The main focus of my dissertation research was aimed at understanding how regulation of the actomyosin network contributed to the formation of small polar bodies. During polar body formation in C. elegans the actomyosin contractile ring ingresses to the spindle midpoint and completes cytokinesis around a single set of segregating chromosomes. I have identified a protein, casein kinase 1 gamma, or csnk-1 in C. elegans, required for keeping polar bodies small during meiosis. Knocking down this protein causes the contractile ring to ingress past the spindle midpoint and occasionally past both sets of segregating chromosomes and encapsulate the entire meiotic spindle in a giant polar body. Upon further examination csnk-1 knockdown causes the formation of deep, ectopic membrane invaginations during polar body formation which correlates with excess myosin on the cortex. Furthermore, csnk-1 knockdown stabilizes dynamic cortical myosin patches present during meiosis. In order to narrow down the mechanism in which CSNK-1 was regulating the actomyosin network, I knocked down candidate proteins in the RhoA pathway, which is known to regulate the actomyosin network. I found that knocking down the redundant RhoGAP's, rga-3/4, displayed several of the same prominent csnk-1 knockdown phenotypes. Together, this data suggests a model where CSNK-1 activates RGA-3/4 through phosphorylation, which negatively regulates the actomyosin network during polar body formation to ensure cytokinesis occurs at the spindle midpoint.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0029.
■650 4▼aCellular biology
■650 4▼aMolecular biology
■650 4▼aBiochemistry
■690 ▼a0379
■690 ▼a0307
■690 ▼a0487
■71020▼aUniversity of California, Davis▼bBiochemistry Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology.
■7730 ▼tDissertation Abstracts International▼g79-01B(E).
■773 ▼tDissertation Abstract International
■790 ▼a0029
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2017
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T14822506▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.
■980 ▼a20180515▼f2018
