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The Effects of the Gut Microbiota on the Host Chromatin Landscape- [electronic resource]
The Effects of the Gut Microbiota on the Host Chromatin Landscape - [electronic resource] ...
The Effects of the Gut Microbiota on the Host Chromatin Landscape- [electronic resource]

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문(국외)
자관 청구기호  
기본표목-개인명  
표제와 책임표시사항  
The Effects of the Gut Microbiota on the Host Chromatin Landscape - [electronic resource] / Semenkovich, Nicholas Paul.
발행, 배포, 간사 사항  
발행, 배포, 간사 사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses , 2017
    형태사항  
    1 online resource(108 p)
    일반주기  
    Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-09(E), Section: B.
    일반주기  
    Adviser: Jeffrey I. Gordon.
    학위논문주기  
    Thesis (Ph.D.)--Washington University in St. Louis, 2017.
    요약 등 주기  
    요약The human gut microbiota is home to tens of trillions of microbes belonging to all three domains of life. The structure and expressed functions of this community have myriad effects on host physiology, metabolism, and immune function. My studies focused on a facet of host-microbial interactions and mutualism that has not been explored to a significant degree in part because of the absence of suitable tools: namely, if, when, and how the gut microbiota produces durable effects on host biology through its impact on the epigenome. To address this area, I turned to gnotobiotic mice and developed a variety of experimental, methodological, and computational approaches to characterize the chromatin landscape of various host cell populations. I selected small populations of T cells likely to be exposed to the gut microbiota and its products, principally TCR alphabeta+ and TCR gammadelta+ small intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs). I also chose to study circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, with the advantage that these populations can be isolated from donors without using highly invasive techniques. I designed a series of approaches to enrich, isolate, and purify each of these cell populations from single animals, and to subsequently compare their chromatin landscape within and across mice using a recently described Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with high throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq), focusing on enhancer and super-enhancer loci within the mouse genome. These analyses revealed a conserved set of super-enhancer loci between alphabeta and gammadelta IELs, including super-enhancers near genes responsible for phospholipid binding and T cell receptor signaling. In comparing C57BL/6J male mice reared under germ-free (GF) conditions to age- and sex-matched conventionally raised (CONV-R) mice (i.e., animals that acquired microbes from their environment beginning at birth), I was able to directly assess the impact of colonization on chromatin 'state' in these different purified cell populations and to identify colonization-dependent effects in IELs on enhancers associated with genes involved in a number of metabolic and signaling pathways. I then compared the results to GF mice that had been colonized following the end of the weaning period with an intact cecal microbiota from a CONV-R C57BL/6J donor. The resulting conventionalized (CONV-D) animals allowed me to identify modifications to host chromatin landscape that are 'induced' following the suckling-weaning transition and, in doing so, ascertain whether there were developmental windows that could constrain the durable effects of the microbiota on chromatin accessibility. In doing so, I observed changes in chromatin accessibility with colonization that may reveal a functional maturation of IEL populations that is related to the timing of exposure to the microbiota during postnatal development. My thesis project involved development of an elaborate, multi-faceted computational pipeline for the analysis of these novel, large datasets, including the prediction and characterization of putative enhancers and super-enhancers, proximally associated genes, and metabolic pathways influenced by those elements. As a whole, this work defines the impact of gut microbial colonization on host chromatin landscape and provides an analytical toolkit for further studies.
    주제명부출표목-일반주제명  
    주제명부출표목-일반주제명  
    주제명부출표목-일반주제명  
    부출표목-단체명  
    Washington University in St Louis Biology & Biomedical Sciences (Molecular Genetics & Genomics)
      기본자료저록  
      Dissertation Abstracts International. 78-09B(E).
      기본자료저록  
      Dissertation Abstract International
      전자적 위치 및 접속  
       원문정보보기
      소장사항  
      20180515 2018

      MARC

       008180601s2017        us          esm        001c    eng
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      ■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
      ■090    ▼a전자도서(박사논문)        
      ■1001  ▼aSemenkovich,  Nicholas  Paul.▼0(orcid)0000-0001-5266-6734
      ■24514▼aThe  Effects  of  the  Gut  Microbiota  on  the  Host  Chromatin  Landscape▼h[electronic  resource]▼cSemenkovich,  Nicholas  Paul.
      ■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bWashington  University  in  St  Louis▼c2017
      ■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2017
      ■300    ▼a1  online  resource(108  p)
      ■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertation  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  78-09(E),  Section:  B.
      ■500    ▼aAdviser:  Jeffrey  I.  Gordon.
      ■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Washington  University  in  St.  Louis,  2017.
      ■520    ▼aThe  human  gut  microbiota  is  home  to  tens  of  trillions  of  microbes  belonging  to  all  three  domains  of  life.  The  structure  and  expressed  functions  of  this  community  have  myriad  effects  on  host  physiology,  metabolism,  and  immune  function.  My  studies  focused  on  a  facet  of  host-microbial  interactions  and  mutualism  that  has  not  been  explored  to  a  significant  degree  in  part  because  of  the  absence  of  suitable  tools:  namely,  if,  when,  and  how  the  gut  microbiota  produces  durable  effects  on  host  biology  through  its  impact  on  the  epigenome.  To  address  this  area,  I  turned  to  gnotobiotic  mice  and  developed  a  variety  of  experimental,  methodological,  and  computational  approaches  to  characterize  the  chromatin  landscape  of  various  host  cell  populations.  I  selected  small  populations  of  T  cells  likely  to  be  exposed  to  the  gut  microbiota  and  its  products,  principally  TCR  alphabeta+  and  TCR  gammadelta+  small  intestinal  intraepithelial  lymphocytes  (IELs).  I  also  chose  to  study  circulating  CD4+  and  CD8+  T  cells,  with  the  advantage  that  these  populations  can  be  isolated  from  donors  without  using  highly  invasive  techniques.  I  designed  a  series  of  approaches  to  enrich,  isolate,  and  purify  each  of  these  cell  populations  from  single  animals,  and  to  subsequently  compare  their  chromatin  landscape  within  and  across  mice  using  a  recently  described  Assay  for  Transposase-Accessible  Chromatin  with  high  throughput  sequencing  (ATAC-seq),  focusing  on  enhancer  and  super-enhancer  loci  within  the  mouse  genome.  These  analyses  revealed  a  conserved  set  of  super-enhancer  loci  between  alphabeta  and  gammadelta  IELs,  including  super-enhancers  near  genes  responsible  for  phospholipid  binding  and  T  cell  receptor  signaling.  In  comparing  C57BL/6J  male  mice  reared  under  germ-free  (GF)  conditions  to  age-  and  sex-matched  conventionally  raised  (CONV-R)  mice  (i.e.,  animals  that  acquired  microbes  from  their  environment  beginning  at  birth),  I  was  able  to  directly  assess  the  impact  of  colonization  on  chromatin  'state'  in  these  different  purified  cell  populations  and  to  identify  colonization-dependent  effects  in  IELs  on  enhancers  associated  with  genes  involved  in  a  number  of  metabolic  and  signaling  pathways.  I  then  compared  the  results  to  GF  mice  that  had  been  colonized  following  the  end  of  the  weaning  period  with  an  intact  cecal  microbiota  from  a  CONV-R  C57BL/6J  donor.  The  resulting  conventionalized  (CONV-D)  animals  allowed  me  to  identify  modifications  to  host  chromatin  landscape  that  are  'induced'  following  the  suckling-weaning  transition  and,  in  doing  so,  ascertain  whether  there  were  developmental  windows  that  could  constrain  the  durable  effects  of  the  microbiota  on  chromatin  accessibility.  In  doing  so,  I  observed  changes  in  chromatin  accessibility  with  colonization  that  may  reveal  a  functional  maturation  of  IEL  populations  that  is  related  to  the  timing  of  exposure  to  the  microbiota  during  postnatal  development.  My  thesis  project  involved  development  of  an  elaborate,  multi-faceted  computational  pipeline  for  the  analysis  of  these  novel,  large  datasets,  including  the  prediction  and  characterization  of  putative  enhancers  and  super-enhancers,  proximally  associated  genes,  and  metabolic  pathways  influenced  by  those  elements.  As  a  whole,  this  work  defines  the  impact  of  gut  microbial  colonization  on  host  chromatin  landscape  and  provides  an  analytical  toolkit  for  further  studies.
      ■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0252.
      ■650  4▼aBiology
      ■650  4▼aGenetics
      ■650  4▼aMedicine
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      ■690    ▼a0369
      ■690    ▼a0564
      ■71020▼aWashington  University  in  St.  Louis▼bBiology  &  Biomedical  Sciences  (Molecular  Genetics  &  Genomics).
      ■7730  ▼tDissertation  Abstracts  International▼g78-09B(E).
      ■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
      ■790    ▼a0252
      ■791    ▼aPh.D.
      ■792    ▼a2017
      ■793    ▼aEnglish
      ■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T14822396▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
      ■980    ▼a20180515▼f2018

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