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CRISPR-Cas Systems in Enterococcus faecalis and Their Application in Probiotics for the Removal of Antibiotic Resistance.- [electronic resource]
CRISPR-Cas Systems in Enterococcus faecalis and Their Application in Probiotics for the Re...
CRISPR-Cas Systems in Enterococcus faecalis and Their Application in Probiotics for the Removal of Antibiotic Resistance.- [electronic resource]

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문(국외)
자관 청구기호  
기본표목-개인명  
표제와 책임표시사항  
CRISPR-Cas Systems in Enterococcus faecalis and Their Application in Probiotics for the Removal of Antibiotic Resistance. - [electronic resource] / Rodrigues, Marinelle.
발행, 배포, 간사 사항  
발행, 배포, 간사 사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses , 2018
    형태사항  
    1 online resource(166 p.)
    일반주기  
    Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 80-12, Section: B.
    일반주기  
    Publisher info.: Dissertation/Thesis.
    일반주기  
    Advisor: Palmer, Kelli L.
    학위논문주기  
    Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Texas at Dallas, 2018.
    이용제한주기  
    This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
    이용제한주기  
    This item must not be added to any third party search indexes.
    요약 등 주기  
    요약The gut microbiome is composed of diverse bacterial, fungal and archaeal species which function dynamically and reside commensally within a host, proving health benefits such as immune stimulation, nutrient supplementation, and resistance to pathogen colonization. Enterococcus faecalis is a native, commensal inhabitant of the GI tract of most terrestrial animals. It is typically an underrepresented member of the healthy microbiome with its prevalence impeded by competing organisms. However, during antibiotic-mediated dysbiosis, its population blooms. They are then able to reach the bloodstream and cause infections such as endocarditis and bacteremia. E. faecalis infections are challenging to treat due to their intrinsic resistance to certain antibiotics and propensity for acquiring antibiotic resistance genes through horizontal gene transfer. Sequence analysis of clinical isolates has revealed that these strains possess expanded genomes of which 25% is derived from mobile genetic elements. It has previously been observed that MDR strains of E. faecalis lack complete CRISPR-Cas systems, an adaptive immune system which protects bacteria from invading DNA. These systems are able to recognize and cleave specific sequences of DNA by using RNA guides and have found many applications as genetic tools in the manipulation of DNA or the rational design of sequence-specific antimicrobials.In this dissertation, I inserted the interference machinery of a CRISPR-Cas system in E. faecalis into an MDR strain and restored activity for genome defense using conjugation assays. I noted that CRISPR-mediated defense was not entirely effective in this species and a significant number of transconjugants were obtained even when the plasmid was targeted. Further examination of these transconjugants showed that they were unstable, and depending on the presence or absence of selection for the plasmid, the cells were able to either compromise their CRISPR system or lose the targeted plasmid. More importantly, this instability conferred a growth defect which could then be exploited in composite populations to selectively eliminate undesirable traits. Using this, we were able to target an antibiotic resistance gene and abolish resistance from heterogeneous populations of E. faecalis. Following this discovery, I improved the system by incorporating the entire CRISPR-Cas targeting system on a pheromone-responsive plasmid (PRP) encoding a bacteriocin which enforced its selection. PRPs have notoriously high conjugation frequencies and are known to efficiently disseminate in E. faecalis populations in both in vivo and in vitro conditions. Using these plasmids, I was able to significantly decrease antibiotic resistance from in vitro populations and in an in vivo model of mouse gut colonization. The work presented here provides evidence supporting the use of CRISPR-targeting constructs in probiotics to reduce the circulation of undesirable traits among E. faecalis strains colonizing patients in hospitals with the aim of mitigating the occurrence of MDR infections.
    주제명부출표목-일반주제명  
    주제명부출표목-일반주제명  
    주제명부출표목-일반주제명  
    부출표목-단체명  
    The University of Texas at Dallas Biology - Molecular and Cell Biology
      기본자료저록  
      Dissertations Abstracts International. 80-12B.
      기본자료저록  
      Dissertation Abstract International
      전자적 위치 및 접속  
       원문정보보기

      MARC

       008200317s2018        ulk          s          00        eng
      ■001000015492583
      ■00520200217181738
      ■007cr
      ■020    ▼a9781392314852
      ■040    ▼d225006
      ■08204▼a576
      ■090    ▼a전자도서(박사논문)
      ■1001  ▼aRodrigues,  Marinelle.
      ■24510▼aCRISPR-Cas  Systems  in  Enterococcus  faecalis  and  Their  Application  in  Probiotics  for  the  Removal  of  Antibiotic  Resistance.▼h[electronic  resource]▼cRodrigues,  Marinelle.
      ■260    ▼a[S.l.]▼bThe  University  of  Texas  at  Dallas.  ▼c2018
      ■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2018
      ■300    ▼a1  online  resource(166  p.)
      ■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  80-12,  Section:  B.
      ■500    ▼aPublisher  info.:  Dissertation/Thesis.
      ■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Palmer,  Kelli  L.
      ■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  University  of  Texas  at  Dallas,  2018.
      ■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
      ■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  added  to  any  third  party  search  indexes.
      ■520    ▼aThe  gut  microbiome  is  composed  of  diverse  bacterial,  fungal  and  archaeal  species  which  function  dynamically  and  reside  commensally  within  a  host,  proving  health  benefits  such  as  immune  stimulation,  nutrient  supplementation,  and  resistance  to  pathogen  colonization.  Enterococcus  faecalis  is  a  native,  commensal  inhabitant  of  the  GI  tract  of  most  terrestrial  animals.  It  is  typically  an  underrepresented  member  of  the  healthy  microbiome  with  its  prevalence  impeded  by  competing  organisms.  However,  during  antibiotic-mediated  dysbiosis,  its  population  blooms.  They  are  then  able  to  reach  the  bloodstream  and  cause  infections  such  as  endocarditis  and  bacteremia.  E.  faecalis  infections  are  challenging  to  treat  due  to  their  intrinsic  resistance  to  certain  antibiotics  and  propensity  for  acquiring  antibiotic  resistance  genes  through  horizontal  gene  transfer.  Sequence  analysis  of  clinical  isolates  has  revealed  that  these  strains  possess  expanded  genomes  of  which  25%  is  derived  from  mobile  genetic  elements.  It  has  previously  been  observed  that  MDR  strains  of  E.  faecalis  lack  complete  CRISPR-Cas  systems,  an  adaptive  immune  system  which  protects  bacteria  from  invading  DNA.  These  systems  are  able  to  recognize  and  cleave  specific  sequences  of  DNA  by  using  RNA  guides  and  have  found  many  applications  as  genetic  tools  in  the  manipulation  of  DNA  or  the  rational  design  of  sequence-specific  antimicrobials.In  this  dissertation,  I  inserted  the  interference  machinery  of  a  CRISPR-Cas  system  in  E.  faecalis  into  an  MDR  strain  and  restored  activity  for  genome  defense  using  conjugation  assays.  I  noted  that  CRISPR-mediated  defense  was  not  entirely  effective  in  this  species  and  a  significant  number  of  transconjugants  were  obtained  even  when  the  plasmid  was  targeted.  Further  examination  of  these  transconjugants  showed  that  they  were  unstable,  and  depending  on  the  presence  or  absence  of  selection  for  the  plasmid,  the  cells  were  able  to  either  compromise  their  CRISPR  system  or  lose  the  targeted  plasmid.  More  importantly,  this  instability  conferred  a  growth  defect  which  could  then  be  exploited  in  composite  populations  to  selectively  eliminate  undesirable  traits.  Using  this,  we  were  able  to  target  an  antibiotic  resistance  gene  and  abolish  resistance  from  heterogeneous  populations  of  E.  faecalis.  Following  this  discovery,  I  improved  the  system  by  incorporating  the  entire  CRISPR-Cas  targeting  system  on  a  pheromone-responsive  plasmid  (PRP)  encoding  a  bacteriocin  which  enforced  its  selection.  PRPs  have  notoriously  high  conjugation  frequencies  and  are  known  to  efficiently  disseminate  in  E.  faecalis  populations  in  both  in  vivo  and  in  vitro  conditions.  Using  these  plasmids,  I  was  able  to  significantly  decrease  antibiotic  resistance  from  in  vitro  populations  and  in  an  in  vivo  model  of  mouse  gut  colonization.  The  work  presented  here  provides  evidence  supporting  the  use  of  CRISPR-targeting  constructs  in  probiotics  to  reduce  the  circulation  of  undesirable  traits  among  E.  faecalis  strains  colonizing  patients  in  hospitals  with  the  aim  of  mitigating  the  occurrence  of  MDR  infections.
      ■650  4▼aMolecular  biology.
      ■650  4▼aGenetics.
      ■650  4▼aMicrobiology.
      ■71020▼aThe  University  of  Texas  at  Dallas▼bBiology  -  Molecular  and  Cell  Biology.
      ■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g80-12B.
      ■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
      ■791    ▼aPh.D.
      ■792    ▼a2018
      ■793    ▼aEnglish
      ■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T15492583▼nKERIS

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