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Assessing Biotic and Abiotic Controls of Carbon Storage in Soil.- [electronic resource]
Assessing Biotic and Abiotic Controls of Carbon Storage in Soil. - [electronic resource] /...
Assessing Biotic and Abiotic Controls of Carbon Storage in Soil.- [electronic resource]

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자료유형  
 학위논문(국외)
자관 청구기호  
기본표목-개인명  
표제와 책임표시사항  
Assessing Biotic and Abiotic Controls of Carbon Storage in Soil. - [electronic resource] / Neupane, Avishesh .
발행, 배포, 간사 사항  
발행, 배포, 간사 사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses , 2019
    형태사항  
    1 online resource(168 p.)
    일반주기  
    Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-05, Section: B.
    일반주기  
    Advisor: Cusack, Daniela F.
    학위논문주기  
    Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 2019.
    이용제한주기  
    This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
    요약 등 주기  
    요약Understanding the mechanisms of soil carbon (C) formation and loss is essential for predicting the C storage capacity of soils under ongoing global change scenarios. Climatic variables, vegetation structure, microbial activity, soil mineralogy, and tissue C chemistry each have the potential to affect the fate of C in soils, and the interactions among these controls vary in different environments. Our mechanistic understanding of how these factors interact with each other to determine soil C storage is still rudimentary. This dissertation used a series of field and laboratory studies to assess the interacting roles of vegetation, soil mineralogy, microbial activity, C chemistry, and temperature in regulating the fate of C in soils.In the first experiment, we sought to understand how soil mineralogy, soil nutrient and C status, and C chemistry interact to determine warming effects on the fate of newly added soil C using a 13C isotopic tracing approach. By tracking the added 13C label in soil pools at 4 days and 255 days in tropical forest soils with differing weathering and mineralogical conditions, we found that initial microbial uptake of 13C and average carbon use efficiency (CUE) by microbes were strongly correlated with longer-term C retention in mineral soils. Overall, warming had a negative effect on 13C retention in soil in the youngest, least-weathered soil only, with no warming effect on moderately to strongly weathered soils. Thus, soil C stocks in less weathered soils, and with lower microbial CUE, may be most vulnerable to C loss with a warming climate.Our second study assessed the fate of newly added organic 13C-labeled compounds in soils of differing fertility along weathering gradients. Comparing additions of two low molecular weight compounds, 2.9x greater retention occurred for 13C-labeled glucose versus 13C-labeled glycine after two years, suggesting that glucose may be a better precursor for soil organic matter formation. Soil mineralogy and nutrient availability were not significant factors in 13C retention in soil. Soil spectra from 13C NMR revealed an increase in the proportion of alkyl C in glucose and glycine amended soil relative to control soils, and alkyl C are commonly associated with relatively stable organic C. Thus, our results indicate that microbial incorporation of labile organic compounds like glucose into biomass may be associated with greater C retention in stable soil components.Our third study estimated the long-term effect of grass cover loss on soil organic C (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) storage, and the spatial heterogeneity of SOC and TN in two arid grasslands. The nine years of experimental grass removal resulted in soil deflation and 30% and 35% declines in SOC and TN respectively in 100% grass removal plots (TU100). Grass removal also led to soil deposition in downwind areas of the plot (TD100). Soil organic C and TN concentrations in the deposition plot (TD100) was variable, and likely depended on the structure of the vegetation community trapping wind-blown particulates. Geostatistical analysis showed that weaker and smaller fertile islands, compared to the control, developed in TD100 plots over nine years of aeolian transport.The outcomes of this dissertation will add to the current body of knowledge about mechanisms of soil C stabilization across environmental conditions and with warming.
    주제명부출표목-일반주제명  
    주제명부출표목-일반주제명  
    주제명부출표목-일반주제명  
    부출표목-단체명  
    기본자료저록  
    Dissertations Abstracts International. 81-05B.
    기본자료저록  
    Dissertation Abstract International
    전자적 위치 및 접속  
     원문정보보기

    MARC

     008200317s2019        ulk          s          00        eng
    ■001000015494448
    ■00520200217182533
    ■007cr
    ■020    ▼a9781392591086
    ■040    ▼d225006
    ■08204▼a631.4
    ■090    ▼a전자도서(박사논문)
    ■1001  ▼aNeupane,  Avishesh  .
    ■24510▼aAssessing  Biotic  and  Abiotic  Controls  of  Carbon  Storage  in  Soil.▼h[electronic  resource]▼cNeupane,  Avishesh  .
    ■260    ▼a[S.l.]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Los  Angeles.  ▼c2019
    ■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2019
    ■300    ▼a1  online  resource(168  p.)
    ■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  81-05,  Section:  B.
    ■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Cusack,  Daniela  F.
    ■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Los  Angeles,  2019.
    ■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
    ■520    ▼aUnderstanding  the  mechanisms  of  soil  carbon  (C)  formation  and  loss  is  essential  for  predicting  the  C  storage  capacity  of  soils  under  ongoing  global  change  scenarios.  Climatic  variables,  vegetation  structure,  microbial  activity,  soil  mineralogy,  and  tissue  C  chemistry  each  have  the  potential  to  affect  the  fate  of  C  in  soils,  and  the  interactions  among  these  controls  vary  in  different  environments.  Our  mechanistic  understanding  of  how  these  factors  interact  with  each  other  to  determine  soil  C  storage  is  still  rudimentary.  This  dissertation  used  a  series  of  field  and  laboratory  studies  to  assess  the  interacting  roles  of  vegetation,  soil  mineralogy,  microbial  activity,  C  chemistry,  and  temperature  in  regulating  the  fate  of  C  in  soils.In  the  first  experiment,  we  sought  to  understand  how  soil  mineralogy,  soil  nutrient  and  C  status,  and  C  chemistry  interact  to  determine  warming  effects  on  the  fate  of  newly  added  soil  C  using  a  13C  isotopic  tracing  approach.  By  tracking  the  added  13C  label  in  soil  pools  at  4  days  and  255  days  in  tropical  forest  soils  with  differing  weathering  and  mineralogical  conditions,  we  found  that  initial  microbial  uptake  of  13C  and  average  carbon  use  efficiency  (CUE)  by  microbes  were  strongly  correlated  with  longer-term  C  retention  in  mineral  soils.  Overall,  warming  had  a  negative  effect  on  13C  retention  in  soil  in  the  youngest,  least-weathered  soil  only,  with  no  warming  effect  on  moderately  to  strongly  weathered  soils.  Thus,  soil  C  stocks  in  less  weathered  soils,  and  with  lower  microbial  CUE,  may  be  most  vulnerable  to  C  loss  with  a  warming  climate.Our  second  study  assessed  the  fate  of  newly  added  organic  13C-labeled  compounds  in  soils  of  differing  fertility  along  weathering  gradients.  Comparing  additions  of  two  low  molecular  weight  compounds,  2.9x  greater  retention  occurred  for  13C-labeled  glucose  versus  13C-labeled  glycine  after  two  years,  suggesting  that  glucose  may  be  a  better  precursor  for  soil  organic  matter  formation.  Soil  mineralogy  and  nutrient  availability  were  not  significant  factors  in  13C  retention  in  soil.  Soil  spectra  from  13C  NMR  revealed  an  increase  in  the  proportion  of  alkyl  C  in  glucose  and  glycine  amended  soil  relative  to  control  soils,  and  alkyl  C  are  commonly  associated  with  relatively  stable  organic  C.  Thus,  our  results  indicate  that  microbial  incorporation  of  labile  organic  compounds  like  glucose  into  biomass  may  be  associated  with  greater  C  retention  in  stable  soil  components.Our  third  study  estimated  the  long-term  effect  of  grass  cover  loss  on  soil  organic  C  (SOC)  and  total  nitrogen  (TN)  storage,  and  the  spatial  heterogeneity  of  SOC  and  TN  in  two  arid  grasslands.  The  nine  years  of  experimental  grass  removal  resulted  in  soil  deflation  and  30%  and  35%  declines  in  SOC  and  TN  respectively  in  100%  grass  removal  plots  (TU100).  Grass  removal  also  led  to  soil  deposition  in  downwind  areas  of  the  plot  (TD100).  Soil  organic  C  and  TN  concentrations  in  the  deposition  plot  (TD100)  was  variable,  and  likely  depended  on  the  structure  of  the  vegetation  community  trapping  wind-blown  particulates.  Geostatistical  analysis  showed  that  weaker  and  smaller  fertile  islands,  compared  to  the  control,  developed  in  TD100  plots  over  nine  years  of  aeolian  transport.The  outcomes  of  this  dissertation  will  add  to  the  current  body  of  knowledge  about  mechanisms  of  soil  C  stabilization  across  environmental  conditions  and  with  warming.
    ■650  4▼aBiogeochemistry.
    ■650  4▼aClimate  change.
    ■650  4▼aSoil  sciences.
    ■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Los  Angeles▼bGeography  0396.
    ■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g81-05B.
    ■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
    ■791    ▼aPh.D.
    ■792    ▼a2019
    ■793    ▼aEnglish
    ■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T15494448▼nKERIS

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