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Whole Grains, Taste Preference, Microbiota, and Diversity: an Investigation of Interconnection and Utility.- [electronic resource]
Whole Grains, Taste Preference, Microbiota, and Diversity: an Investigation of Interconnec...
Whole Grains, Taste Preference, Microbiota, and Diversity: an Investigation of Interconnection and Utility.- [electronic resource]

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문(국외)
자관 청구기호  
기본표목-개인명  
표제와 책임표시사항  
Whole Grains, Taste Preference, Microbiota, and Diversity: an Investigation of Interconnection and Utility. - [electronic resource] / Cooper, Danielle Nicole.
발행, 배포, 간사 사항  
발행, 배포, 간사 사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses , 2019
    형태사항  
    1 online resource(176 p.)
    일반주기  
    Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-04, Section: B.
    일반주기  
    Advisor: Keim, Nancy L.
    학위논문주기  
    Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2019.
    이용제한주기  
    This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
    요약 등 주기  
    요약This dissertation begins with a literature review evaluating the relationship between whole grains and microbiota. The review concluded that of the whole grains examined (wheat, maize, barley, rice, oats, and rye) changes in microbial composition or abundance were observed with consumption of wheat, maize, and barley. Increases in satiety as measured either by self-reported "fullness" or "desire to eat" or biological markers like leptin concentration were observed with consumption of whole grain oats, barley, and rye when compared to refined grains. These two findings were proposed to be linked via signaling mechanisms derived from products of microbial metabolism of the whole grains. The dissertation contains two chapters based on a study conducted on 46 healthy adults who were habitual low whole grain consumers. In this Whole Grain Study, extensive baseline testing was done to collect anthropometric data, fasting blood values, establish the subject's taste preference for bitter (utilizing self-reported taste sensitivity to 6-n-propylthiouracil), fatty, savory, and sweet foods as well as overall liking of all foods queried (using the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire). Subjects were also asked to participate in a sensory evaluation of matched whole and refined grain foods and to provide a fecal sample. Using these baseline data, we were able to observe associations between different taste preferences and markers of health (BMI, fasting triglycerides, fasting glucose), gastrointestinal microbiota abundances (family Turicibacteraceae and order RF39), as well as differences in sensory evaluations of whole and refined grain foods. The next chapter based on the Whole Grain Study, draws on the intervention and post-intervention results. The intervention period lasted six weeks during which the subjects received an entire week's worth of either whole or refined grain foods, based on their maintenance calorie intake. The subjects were assigned to groups randomly in a weighted distribution such that two subjects received whole grains for every one subject receiving refined. During the intervention period the subjects were also asked to record their stool frequency and gastrointestinal symptoms. Baseline testing was repeated at the end of the intervention with the exception of retesting bitter taste preference. We found that subjects on the whole grain intervention had significantly lower total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, and non-high-density lipoprotein levels after an overnight fast post-intervention, and also that during the last week of the intervention, whole grain consuming subjects had an increased stool frequency compared to refined grain consumers. Taken together the evidence reported demonstrates that whole grain consumption can change some parameters of health and that taste preferences that may lead to avoidance of whole grains may also be associated with altered health status. The final chapter of this dissertation describes, another study that was done to evaluate a novel oligosaccharide in terms of establishing its properties as a dietary fiber. Unfortunately, the human trial demonstrated the oligosaccharide was easily digested and did not meet the definition of a dietary fiber. However, this study utilized a highly controlled two-day repeated intervention diet consumed for two weeks, and also required subjects to provide three separate 24 hour recalls, one during the baseline, and each of the two washout periods, of the subject's normal free-living diet. Using these two sets of dietary information, a system based on unique food components was created to categorize and quantify the diversity observed in each diet.
    주제명부출표목-일반주제명  
    주제명부출표목-일반주제명  
    주제명부출표목-일반주제명  
    주제명부출표목-일반주제명  
    부출표목-단체명  
    University of California Davis Nutritional Biology
      기본자료저록  
      Dissertations Abstracts International. 81-04B.
      기본자료저록  
      Dissertation Abstract International
      전자적 위치 및 접속  
       원문정보보기

      MARC

       008200317s2019        ulk          s          00        eng
      ■001000015490398
      ■00520200217180822
      ■007cr
      ■020    ▼a9781085762526
      ■040    ▼d225006
      ■08204▼a612
      ■090    ▼a전자도서(박사논문)
      ■1001  ▼aCooper,  Danielle  Nicole.
      ■24510▼aWhole  Grains,  Taste  Preference,  Microbiota,  and  Diversity:  an  Investigation  of  Interconnection  and  Utility.▼h[electronic  resource]▼cCooper,  Danielle  Nicole.
      ■260    ▼a[S.l.]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Davis.  ▼c2019
      ■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2019
      ■300    ▼a1  online  resource(176  p.)
      ■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  81-04,  Section:  B.
      ■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Keim,  Nancy  L.
      ■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Davis,  2019.
      ■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
      ■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  begins  with  a  literature  review  evaluating  the  relationship  between  whole  grains  and  microbiota.  The  review  concluded  that  of  the  whole  grains  examined  (wheat,  maize,  barley,  rice,  oats,  and  rye)  changes  in  microbial  composition  or  abundance  were  observed  with  consumption  of  wheat,  maize,  and  barley.  Increases  in  satiety  as  measured  either  by  self-reported  "fullness"  or  "desire  to  eat"  or  biological  markers  like  leptin  concentration  were  observed  with  consumption  of  whole  grain  oats,  barley,  and  rye  when  compared  to  refined  grains.  These  two  findings  were  proposed  to  be  linked  via  signaling  mechanisms  derived  from  products  of  microbial  metabolism  of  the  whole  grains.  The  dissertation  contains  two  chapters  based  on  a  study  conducted  on  46  healthy  adults  who  were  habitual  low  whole  grain  consumers.  In  this  Whole  Grain  Study,  extensive  baseline  testing  was  done  to  collect  anthropometric  data,  fasting  blood  values,  establish  the  subject's  taste  preference  for  bitter  (utilizing  self-reported  taste  sensitivity  to  6-n-propylthiouracil),  fatty,  savory,  and  sweet  foods  as  well  as  overall  liking  of  all  foods  queried  (using  the  Leeds  Food  Preference  Questionnaire).  Subjects  were  also  asked  to  participate  in  a  sensory  evaluation  of  matched  whole  and  refined  grain  foods  and  to  provide  a  fecal  sample.  Using  these  baseline  data,  we  were  able  to  observe  associations  between  different  taste  preferences  and  markers  of  health  (BMI,  fasting  triglycerides,  fasting  glucose),  gastrointestinal  microbiota  abundances  (family  Turicibacteraceae  and  order  RF39),  as  well  as  differences  in  sensory  evaluations  of  whole  and  refined  grain  foods.  The  next  chapter  based  on  the  Whole  Grain  Study,  draws  on  the  intervention  and  post-intervention  results.  The  intervention  period  lasted  six  weeks  during  which  the  subjects  received  an  entire  week's  worth  of  either  whole  or  refined  grain  foods,  based  on  their  maintenance  calorie  intake.  The  subjects  were  assigned  to  groups  randomly  in  a  weighted  distribution  such  that  two  subjects  received  whole  grains  for  every  one  subject  receiving  refined.  During  the  intervention  period  the  subjects  were  also  asked  to  record  their  stool  frequency  and  gastrointestinal  symptoms.  Baseline  testing  was  repeated  at  the  end  of  the  intervention  with  the  exception  of  retesting  bitter  taste  preference.  We  found  that  subjects  on  the  whole  grain  intervention  had  significantly  lower  total  cholesterol,  low  density  lipoprotein,  and  non-high-density  lipoprotein  levels  after  an  overnight  fast  post-intervention,  and  also  that  during  the  last  week  of  the  intervention,  whole  grain  consuming  subjects  had  an  increased  stool  frequency  compared  to  refined  grain  consumers.  Taken  together  the  evidence  reported  demonstrates  that  whole  grain  consumption  can  change  some  parameters  of  health  and  that  taste  preferences  that  may  lead  to  avoidance  of  whole  grains  may  also  be  associated  with  altered  health  status.  The  final  chapter  of  this  dissertation  describes,  another  study  that  was  done  to  evaluate  a  novel  oligosaccharide  in  terms  of  establishing  its  properties  as  a  dietary  fiber.  Unfortunately,  the  human  trial  demonstrated  the  oligosaccharide  was  easily  digested  and  did  not  meet  the  definition  of  a  dietary  fiber.  However,  this  study  utilized  a  highly  controlled  two-day  repeated  intervention  diet  consumed  for  two  weeks,  and  also  required  subjects  to  provide  three  separate  24  hour  recalls,  one  during  the  baseline,  and  each  of  the  two  washout  periods,  of  the  subject's  normal  free-living  diet.  Using  these  two  sets  of  dietary  information,  a  system  based  on  unique  food  components  was  created  to  categorize  and  quantify  the  diversity  observed  in  each  diet.
      ■650  4▼aNutrition.
      ■650  4▼aMicrobiology.
      ■650  4▼aHealth  sciences.
      ■650  4▼aPhysiology.
      ■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Davis▼bNutritional  Biology.
      ■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g81-04B.
      ■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
      ■791    ▼aPh.D.
      ■792    ▼a2019
      ■793    ▼aEnglish
      ■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T15490398▼nKERIS

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