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Bayesian and Spatiotemporal Modeling of Infectious Diseases and Population Health.
Bayesian and Spatiotemporal Modeling of Infectious Diseases and Population Health.
Bayesian and Spatiotemporal Modeling of Infectious Diseases and Population Health.

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자료유형  
 학위논문(국외)
기본표목-개인명  
표제와 책임표시사항  
Bayesian and Spatiotemporal Modeling of Infectious Diseases and Population Health.
발행, 배포, 간사 사항  
[S.l.] : Harvard University. , 2025
    발행, 배포, 간사 사항  
    Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses , 2025
      형태사항  
      160 p.
      일반주기  
      Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-05, Section: A.
      일반주기  
      Advisor: Hedt-Gauthier, Bethany;Nethery, Rachel C.
      학위논문주기  
      Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2025.
      요약 등 주기  
      요약Infectious disease outbreak detection is a critical component of public health surveillance. However,the data and methods available for this task vary, and there is limited guidance on which method to apply to a given dataset. Additionally, outbreak detection and public health rate estimation rely on accurate population denominators, yet in the U.S., it is unclear which data sources provide the most reliable estimates. This dissertation addresses both issues by evaluating outbreak detection methods for syndromic and wastewater-based surveillance and by developing a model to estimate U.S. county populations. In Chapter 1, we present a simulation study evaluating spatio-temporal models for syndromic surveillance in low-resource settings. Conventional syndromic surveillance methods face challenges in handling missing data and often do not leverage spatio-temporal structure. We compare a baseline syndromic surveillance model, a frequentist spatio-temporal model, and a Bayesian spatio-temporal conditional autoregressive (CAR) model. The Bayesian CAR model consistently achieves high specificity across simulations, underscoring the importance of spatio-temporal modeling in syndromic surveillance. In Chapter 2, we introduce the Spatially-Weighted Ensemble for Estimation of Populations (SWEEP), a Bayesian ensemble model that combines the American Community Survey (ACS), Population Estimates Program (PEP), and WorldPop (WP) to generate intercensal population estimates. SWEEP uses spatially varying weights that adapt to geographic patterns in product accuracy. Using 2019 product estimates to predict 2020 census counts, SWEEP improves population estimates, particularly for the American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) population, and reveals systematic geographic variation in data accuracy. These findings demonstrate the potential of spatially adaptive ensemble modeling to improve population estimates and support more equitable disease and mortality rate estimation. In Chapter 3, we develop a wastewater-based outbreak detection method using an exponential growth model and evaluate its performance relative to clinically-defined outbreaks. Applied to countylevel COVID-19 data, this method outperforms a reproductive number (Rt)-based approach. Detection performance improves with spatial aggregation yet declines in extreme temperatures, high humidity, and after 2021. These results suggest that wastewater surveillance can reliably detect outbreaks, though its performance varies with environmental context and its evaluation depends on the quality of reference clinical data.
      주제명부출표목-일반주제명  
      주제명부출표목-일반주제명  
      주제명부출표목-일반주제명  
      비통제 색인어  
      비통제 색인어  
      비통제 색인어  
      비통제 색인어  
      부출표목-단체명  
      Harvard University Biostatistics
        기본자료저록  
        Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-05A.
        전자적 위치 및 접속  
         원문정보보기

        MARC

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        ■1001  ▼aLink,  Nicholas  B.
        ■24510▼aBayesian  and  Spatiotemporal  Modeling  of  Infectious  Diseases  and  Population  Health.
        ■260    ▼a[S.l.]▼bHarvard  University.  ▼c2025
        ■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
        ■300    ▼a160  p.
        ■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-05,  Section:  A.
        ■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Hedt-Gauthier,  Bethany;Nethery,  Rachel  C.
        ■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Harvard  University,  2025.
        ■520    ▼aInfectious  disease  outbreak  detection  is  a  critical  component  of  public  health  surveillance.  However,the  data  and  methods  available  for  this  task  vary,  and  there  is  limited  guidance  on  which  method  to  apply  to  a  given  dataset.  Additionally,  outbreak  detection  and  public  health  rate  estimation  rely  on  accurate  population  denominators,  yet  in  the  U.S.,  it  is  unclear  which  data  sources  provide  the  most  reliable  estimates.  This  dissertation  addresses  both  issues  by  evaluating  outbreak  detection  methods  for  syndromic  and  wastewater-based  surveillance  and  by  developing  a  model  to  estimate  U.S.  county  populations.  In  Chapter  1,  we  present  a  simulation  study  evaluating  spatio-temporal  models  for  syndromic  surveillance  in  low-resource  settings.  Conventional  syndromic  surveillance  methods  face  challenges  in  handling  missing  data  and  often  do  not  leverage  spatio-temporal  structure.  We  compare  a  baseline  syndromic  surveillance  model,  a  frequentist  spatio-temporal  model,  and  a  Bayesian  spatio-temporal  conditional  autoregressive  (CAR)  model.  The  Bayesian  CAR  model  consistently  achieves  high  specificity  across  simulations,  underscoring  the  importance  of  spatio-temporal  modeling  in  syndromic  surveillance.  In  Chapter  2,  we  introduce  the  Spatially-Weighted  Ensemble  for  Estimation  of  Populations  (SWEEP),  a  Bayesian  ensemble  model  that  combines  the  American  Community  Survey  (ACS),  Population  Estimates  Program  (PEP),  and  WorldPop  (WP)  to  generate  intercensal  population  estimates.  SWEEP  uses  spatially  varying  weights  that  adapt  to  geographic  patterns  in  product  accuracy.  Using  2019  product  estimates  to  predict  2020  census  counts,  SWEEP  improves  population  estimates,  particularly  for  the  American  Indian  and  Alaska  Native  (AIAN)  population,  and  reveals  systematic  geographic  variation  in  data  accuracy.  These  findings  demonstrate  the  potential  of  spatially  adaptive  ensemble  modeling  to  improve  population  estimates  and  support  more  equitable  disease  and  mortality  rate  estimation.  In  Chapter  3,  we  develop  a  wastewater-based  outbreak  detection  method  using  an  exponential  growth  model  and  evaluate  its  performance  relative  to  clinically-defined  outbreaks.  Applied  to  countylevel  COVID-19  data,  this  method  outperforms  a  reproductive  number  (Rt)-based  approach.  Detection  performance  improves  with  spatial  aggregation  yet  declines  in  extreme  temperatures,  high  humidity,  and  after  2021.  These  results  suggest  that  wastewater  surveillance  can  reliably  detect  outbreaks,  though  its  performance  varies  with  environmental  context  and  its  evaluation  depends  on  the  quality  of  reference  clinical  data.
        ■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0084.
        ■650  4▼aBiostatistics.
        ■650  4▼aDemography.
        ■650  4▼aEpidemiology.
        ■653    ▼aBayesian  models
        ■653    ▼aInfectious  diseases
        ■653    ▼aSpatiotemporal  models
        ■653    ▼aPopulation  health
        ■690    ▼a0308
        ■690    ▼a0766
        ■690    ▼a0938
        ■71020▼aHarvard  University▼bBiostatistics.
        ■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-05A.
        ■790    ▼a0084
        ■791    ▼aPh.D.
        ■792    ▼a2025
        ■793    ▼aEnglish
        ■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359192▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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