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Market Fairness and Transparency: Examining Consumer Perceptions in Gig Economy Marketplaces.
Market Fairness and Transparency: Examining Consumer Perceptions in Gig Economy Marketplac...
Market Fairness and Transparency: Examining Consumer Perceptions in Gig Economy Marketplaces.

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자료유형  
 학위논문(국외)
기본표목-개인명  
표제와 책임표시사항  
Market Fairness and Transparency: Examining Consumer Perceptions in Gig Economy Marketplaces.
발행, 배포, 간사 사항  
발행, 배포, 간사 사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses , 2025
    형태사항  
    105 p.
    일반주기  
    Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-04, Section: B.
    일반주기  
    Advisor: Cheshire, Coye.
    학위논문주기  
    Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2025.
    요약 등 주기  
    요약Today consumers interact with markets in a wide variety of ways that are mediated by technology. We perform a wide variety of everyday activities - such as booking short trips, buying food delivery, and shopping for groceries - through marketplaces managed by large, for-profit technology companies. Consumers negotiate not only with other economic actors, but the presence of a large technology company, when performing such ordinary and mundane tasks. These markets connect different groups of economic actors, where for-profit companies decide marketplace architecture, information and the availability of choices.Economic sociologist Koray Caliskan (2007) describes the prevalence of markets on our everyday lives: "A mysterious certainty dominates our lives in late capitalist modernity: the price. Not a single day passes without learning, making, and taking it. Yet despite prices' widespread presence around us, we do not know much about them" (p. 241). Hayek (1945) proposed that the "marvel" of markets and the price mechanism was its relative invisibility, that allowed the decentralized coordination of a wide series of actors without explicit control.But today's technology-mediated marketplaces have assertively departed from this notion of markets as free-acting, intangible institutions, instead becoming managed environments that are to an extent visible and tangible as technical artifacts. These technology-mediated marketplaces have become in some ways more visible to consumers in the form of front-facing apps, as well as their association with the organizations that govern them, primarily by for-profit technology companies. In so doing, longstanding assumptions about how markets should function are put under scrutiny, forcing a re-engagement with basic assumptions of how fair markets should operate by users, citizens and regulators alike. This dissertation examines how such technological mediation has affected how consumers think about and use markets, particularly around issues of fairness.I first examine consumer perceptions of fairness in two qualitative studies investigating marketplace practices which, particularly in their inception, have undergone a wide degree of scrutiny and controversy: 1) tipping in third-party food delivery and 2) surge pricing in ridesharing. I explore how consumers perceive fairness in engaging in these economic practices when using technology-mediated marketplaces. In 2019, DoorDash faced significant pushback following a The New York Times report that drivers did not always receive all tips from customers, highlighting a gap between how consumers perceived the marketplace to function vs. its implementation in practice (Newman, 2019a). Similarly, Uber has faced a great deal of media scrutiny over its implementation of surge pricing since its introduction in 2011, with Uber first requiring users to accept an additional screen of higher surge prices, but subsequently concealing numeric multipliers to consumers, though they still operate in the background.In the final project of this dissertation, I conduct an experiment to ask: How do transparency measures provided to consumers influence their use and willingness to pay for rideshare services? I conduct a vignette experiment to gauge whether consumers are more inclined to accept higher prices when they are set by a state transportation agency as opposed to a for-profit technology company. I additionally vary information provided to consumers of the percentage of fares they pay that go to drivers, to determine if they show a higher willingness to use ridesharing marketplaces if they perceive more income going directly to drivers.Across these projects, I seek to push the boundaries of how we may think about the design of technology-mediated marketplaces and the institutions that govern them. In making decisions on marketplace design and architecture, technology companies often argue that these decisions are based on increasing efficiency or improving social welfare, despite having a clear financial incentive to prioritize profit. The chosen implementations of tipping and surge pricing by companies like DoorDash and Uber have attracted controversy through the years, but have to some extent abated. Technology companies have also learnt from public outcry or pushback, either by revising their policies, or choosing to obscure their processes, as Uber now does in not showing surge multipliers to consumers at all.Describing a concept from the field of the history of technology, Jackson et al. (2014) describe a "process of 'stabilization' or 'closure' through which emergent technological artifacts and practices take on their more settled and durable forms" (p. 592). I argue that such a process is currently taking place in the design of technology-mediated marketplaces, where policies that may have attracted controversy initially have been engineered or reframed to avoid social censure or pushback.Ultimately, the current instantiation of how technology-mediated markets are utilized in our society is not inevitable. Consumer perceptions of not only how markets function, but how technology-mediated markets function, and how these interact with one another, will be integral to the extent and success of their future use. This dissertation undertakes to better understand the full implications of technological mediation on how everyday consumers perceive and use markets, and how the fairness perceptions of consumers can ultimately affect the ability to use technology-mediated markets effectively in society.I find that the technological mediation of markets has important implications on how consumers view fairness in markets. When consumers interact with markets in gig economy services, they often focus on their relationship with the company, viewing their interactions with individual gig workers or the market at large through the lens of their beliefs and expectations of technology companies. Around surge pricing specifically, I also find that increasing visibility and transparency about market processes can have an opposing effect, raising more questions for consumers on how market prices are set, thus giving companies an incentive to obscure market processes.In a blinded, randomized experiment, I also find that participants were both willing to pay significantly more, as well as use ridesharing services more frequently, when they are provided with information that 90% of fares go to drivers. This result suggests that there may be significant social costs associated with control of for-profit technology companies over ridesharing marketplaces, since ridesharing companies have little incentive to increase share of fares to drivers or provide fare distribution information. In my conclusion, I discuss these results in the context of the current antitrust and regulatory environment in the U.S. around technology-mediated marketplaces, and the need to explore alternative institutional arrangements to ensure and maximize the beneficial use of markets for society.
    주제명부출표목-일반주제명  
    주제명부출표목-일반주제명  
    주제명부출표목-일반주제명  
    비통제 색인어  
    비통제 색인어  
    비통제 색인어  
    비통제 색인어  
    비통제 색인어  
    부출표목-단체명  
    University of California Berkeley Information Management & Systems
      기본자료저록  
      Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-04B.
      전자적 위치 및 접속  
       원문정보보기

      MARC

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      ■1001  ▼aChong,  Andrew.
      ■24510▼aMarket  Fairness  and  Transparency:  Examining  Consumer  Perceptions  in  Gig  Economy  Marketplaces.
      ■260    ▼a[S.l.]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley.  ▼c2025
      ■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
      ■300    ▼a105  p.
      ■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-04,  Section:  B.
      ■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Cheshire,  Coye.
      ■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Berkeley,  2025.
      ■520    ▼aToday  consumers  interact  with  markets  in  a  wide  variety  of  ways  that  are  mediated  by  technology.  We  perform  a  wide  variety  of  everyday  activities  -  such  as  booking  short  trips,  buying  food  delivery,  and  shopping  for  groceries  -  through  marketplaces  managed  by  large,  for-profit  technology  companies.  Consumers  negotiate  not  only  with  other  economic  actors,  but  the  presence  of  a  large  technology  company,  when  performing  such  ordinary  and  mundane  tasks.  These  markets  connect  different  groups  of  economic  actors,  where  for-profit  companies  decide  marketplace  architecture,  information  and  the  availability  of  choices.Economic  sociologist  Koray  Caliskan  (2007)  describes  the  prevalence  of  markets  on  our  everyday  lives:  "A  mysterious  certainty  dominates  our  lives  in  late  capitalist  modernity:  the  price.  Not  a  single  day  passes  without  learning,  making,  and  taking  it.  Yet  despite  prices'  widespread  presence  around  us,  we  do  not  know  much  about  them"  (p.  241).  Hayek  (1945)  proposed  that  the  "marvel"  of  markets  and  the  price  mechanism  was  its  relative  invisibility,  that  allowed  the  decentralized  coordination  of  a  wide  series  of  actors  without  explicit  control.But  today's  technology-mediated  marketplaces  have  assertively  departed  from  this  notion  of  markets  as  free-acting,  intangible  institutions,  instead  becoming  managed  environments  that  are  to  an  extent  visible  and  tangible  as  technical  artifacts.  These  technology-mediated  marketplaces  have  become  in  some  ways  more  visible  to  consumers  in  the  form  of  front-facing  apps,  as  well  as  their  association  with  the  organizations  that  govern  them,  primarily  by  for-profit  technology  companies.  In  so  doing,  longstanding  assumptions  about  how  markets  should  function  are  put  under  scrutiny,  forcing  a  re-engagement  with  basic  assumptions  of  how  fair  markets  should  operate  by  users,  citizens  and  regulators  alike.  This  dissertation  examines  how  such  technological  mediation  has  affected  how  consumers  think  about  and  use  markets,  particularly  around  issues  of  fairness.I  first  examine  consumer  perceptions  of  fairness  in  two  qualitative  studies  investigating  marketplace  practices  which,  particularly  in  their  inception,  have  undergone  a  wide  degree  of  scrutiny  and  controversy:  1)  tipping  in  third-party  food  delivery  and  2)  surge  pricing  in  ridesharing.  I  explore  how  consumers  perceive  fairness  in  engaging  in  these  economic  practices  when  using  technology-mediated  marketplaces.  In  2019,  DoorDash  faced  significant  pushback  following  a  The  New  York  Times  report  that  drivers  did  not  always  receive  all  tips  from  customers,  highlighting  a  gap  between  how  consumers  perceived  the  marketplace  to  function  vs.  its  implementation  in  practice  (Newman,  2019a).  Similarly,  Uber  has  faced  a  great  deal  of  media  scrutiny  over  its  implementation  of  surge  pricing  since  its  introduction  in  2011,  with  Uber  first  requiring  users  to  accept  an  additional  screen  of  higher  surge  prices,  but  subsequently  concealing  numeric  multipliers  to  consumers,  though  they  still  operate  in  the  background.In  the  final  project  of  this  dissertation,  I  conduct  an  experiment  to  ask:  How  do  transparency  measures  provided  to  consumers  influence  their  use  and  willingness  to  pay  for  rideshare  services?  I  conduct  a  vignette  experiment  to  gauge  whether  consumers  are  more  inclined  to  accept  higher  prices  when  they  are  set  by  a  state  transportation  agency  as  opposed  to  a  for-profit  technology  company.  I  additionally  vary  information  provided  to  consumers  of  the  percentage  of  fares  they  pay  that  go  to  drivers,  to  determine  if  they  show  a  higher  willingness  to  use  ridesharing  marketplaces  if  they  perceive  more  income  going  directly  to  drivers.Across  these  projects,  I  seek  to  push  the  boundaries  of  how  we  may  think  about  the  design  of  technology-mediated  marketplaces  and  the  institutions  that  govern  them.  In  making  decisions  on  marketplace  design  and  architecture,  technology  companies  often  argue  that  these  decisions  are  based  on  increasing  efficiency  or  improving  social  welfare,  despite  having  a  clear  financial  incentive  to  prioritize  profit.  The  chosen  implementations  of  tipping  and  surge  pricing  by  companies  like  DoorDash  and  Uber  have  attracted  controversy  through  the  years,  but  have  to  some  extent  abated.  Technology  companies  have  also  learnt  from  public  outcry  or  pushback,  either  by  revising  their  policies,  or  choosing  to  obscure  their  processes,  as  Uber  now  does  in  not  showing  surge  multipliers  to  consumers  at  all.Describing  a  concept  from  the  field  of  the  history  of  technology,  Jackson  et  al.  (2014)  describe  a  "process  of  'stabilization'  or  'closure'  through  which  emergent  technological  artifacts  and  practices  take  on  their  more  settled  and  durable  forms"  (p.  592).  I  argue  that  such  a  process  is  currently  taking  place  in  the  design  of  technology-mediated  marketplaces,  where  policies  that  may  have  attracted  controversy  initially  have  been  engineered  or  reframed  to  avoid  social  censure  or  pushback.Ultimately,  the  current  instantiation  of  how  technology-mediated  markets  are  utilized  in  our  society  is  not  inevitable.  Consumer  perceptions  of  not  only  how  markets  function,  but  how  technology-mediated  markets  function,  and  how  these  interact  with  one  another,  will  be  integral  to  the  extent  and  success  of  their  future  use.  This  dissertation  undertakes  to  better  understand  the  full  implications  of  technological  mediation  on  how  everyday  consumers  perceive  and  use  markets,  and  how  the  fairness  perceptions  of  consumers  can  ultimately  affect  the  ability  to  use  technology-mediated  markets  effectively  in  society.I  find  that  the  technological  mediation  of  markets  has  important  implications  on  how  consumers  view  fairness  in  markets.  When  consumers  interact  with  markets  in  gig  economy  services,  they  often  focus  on  their  relationship  with  the  company,  viewing  their  interactions  with  individual  gig  workers  or  the  market  at  large  through  the  lens  of  their  beliefs  and  expectations  of  technology  companies.  Around  surge  pricing  specifically,  I  also  find  that  increasing  visibility  and  transparency  about  market  processes  can  have  an  opposing  effect,  raising  more  questions  for  consumers  on  how  market  prices  are  set,  thus  giving  companies  an  incentive  to  obscure  market  processes.In  a  blinded,  randomized  experiment,  I  also  find  that  participants  were  both  willing  to  pay  significantly  more,  as  well  as  use  ridesharing  services  more  frequently,  when  they  are  provided  with  information  that  90%  of  fares  go  to  drivers.  This  result  suggests  that  there  may  be  significant  social  costs  associated  with  control  of  for-profit  technology  companies  over  ridesharing  marketplaces,  since  ridesharing  companies  have  little  incentive  to  increase  share  of  fares  to  drivers  or  provide  fare  distribution  information.  In  my  conclusion,  I  discuss  these  results  in  the  context  of  the  current  antitrust  and  regulatory  environment  in  the  U.S.  around  technology-mediated  marketplaces,  and  the  need  to  explore  alternative  institutional  arrangements  to  ensure  and  maximize  the  beneficial  use  of  markets  for  society.
      ■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0028.
      ■650  4▼aInformation  science.
      ■650  4▼aComputer  science.
      ■650  4▼aHome  economics.
      ■653    ▼aFairness
      ■653    ▼aGig  economy
      ■653    ▼aMarket  fairness
      ■653    ▼aPlatform
      ■653    ▼aTechnology-mediated  marketplaces
      ■690    ▼a0723
      ■690    ▼a0501
      ■690    ▼a0984
      ■690    ▼a0386
      ■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼bInformation  Management  &  Systems.
      ■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-04B.
      ■790    ▼a0028
      ■791    ▼aPh.D.
      ■792    ▼a2025
      ■793    ▼aEnglish
      ■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359352▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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